Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina Before getting too far into this entry, let me just say that I and all of my colleagues in Admissions and across MIT have those people affected in the Gulf Coast in our minds and in our hearts. Its an emotional time for everyone; Ive been at the verge of tears over this awful, awful situation. The feeling of anguish and helplessness can be overwhelming. Life outside of the Gulf Coast moves on, and the Office of Admissions is still charged with admitting a Class of 2010. And even for students who have had their lives devastated by Katrina, many are still worried about college admissions. Ive received emails from students displaced from their homes and schools who email with the question: What now? I dont know what to do. My reply back has been, I dont know either. This is an unprecedented disaster, and its just too early to tell what the best course of action will be. You may have seen our official office response on MyMIT: Our hearts go out to those students and their families who have been affected or displaced by Hurricane Katrina. We can only imagine the extent of the damage and we realize that it will be months before any sense of normalcy returns. Please know that for students directly affected by this disaster, we will be as accommodating and flexible as possible regarding applications to MIT. Please do not hesitate to contact our office if you have any questions regarding your specific circumstances. What does this mean? Were willing to work with your individual circumstances, whatever they may be. Get in touch with us when the time is right for you and well be happy to work with you and accommodate your situation as much as we can. I have spoken to some of the incoming students from affected areas. A freshman from Bay St. Louis, MS, interviewed me yesterday for an article in the MIT student newspaper. His parents are safe but many questions remain. I also saw a freshman for New Orleans. The mall that he did his pre-MIT shopping at last Saturday was partially destroyed. Amy Perez in our office saw another freshman from New Orleans yesterday; his parents were here in Boston for MITs Parent Orientation, far from Katrinas wrath. Sometimes, good things happen. This morning I presented the on campus Information Session to a room of about 50 prospective students and parents. Given all that has happened, how can you not talk about the hurricane? Among other things, I talked about some MIT research projects that are trying to ameliorate the effects of disasters and prevent future calamities. Some things I mentioned: Professor Lawrence Vale of the Department of Urban Studies Planning (DUSP) began a project called Resilient Cities to examine how cities recover from disasters like 9/11 or Hurricane Katrina. Vale has been quoted in many articles this week; see Google News. Professor Kerry Emanuel of the Deartment of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) and his students do some very interesting research on modeling hurricanes, including forecasting. Many students here work on weather forecasting. The IAP class in weather forecasting is very popular with students from all majors, and students fare well in the National Collegiate Weather Forecasting Contest. Professor Jan Wampler of the Department of Architecture and his students have sprung into action to help rebuild several devastated communities, including Honduras after Hurricane Mitch and Turkey after the August 1999 earthquake. Also, MIT has been working on ways to accommodate displaced students from colleges and universities on the Gulf Coast. An AP article today said that the American Council on Education estimates 75,000 to 100,000 college students in the New Orleans area have been affected by the storm, and close to three dozen universities in the region have been seriously damaged. Offices around the Institute, including Admissions, have been working feverishly to develop plans to welcome some students. That information should be on the MIT homepage very soon. Again, my thoughts and best wishes go out to all of the families affected by Hurricane Katrina. Let us know how we can best support you going forward.

The Impact of Trade on Per Capita Income Growth - 4400 Words

The Impact of Trade on Per Capita Income Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (Research Paper Sample) Content: The Impact of Trade on Per Capita Income Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa The Impact of Trade on per capita Income Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)Abstract The relationship between trade, productivity and economic growth in are very important in any developing nation especially in Sub Saharan Africa. For long this relationship has not been established theoretically. Researchers, scholars and politicians have invested in much in the trade policy and the impact the y have to the economic growth in the sub Saharan Africa.Little or no improvements in development have been achieved through open trade throughout this region. In this paper, I will venture to show theoretically through statistics how the international trade and economic growth are linked and demonstrate the potential that trade does have in realizing development. In this paper, I conclude that exchange rates, custom tailoring trade policies and trade openness in Sub-Saharan Africa can exhibit positive and si gnificant impacts on per capita economic growth and development in Sub-Saharan Africa.CONTENTSPart One: 1. Introduction2. Background Literature Review SSA TradePart two:3. Methodology and Data4. Result. 5. Conclusion6. References1. INTRODUCTION Sub-Saharan Africa is faced by numerous challenges such as poverty, poor income distribution, political instability, slow per capita economic growth and stagnation in development. This has made it hard for the SSA to achieve development goals as outlined by Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to affect the poverty reduction strategies in the region (Heintz and Pollin, 2008). SSA, in 1980s attempted a course in stabilization, privatization and liberalization through the use of stabilization and structural adjustment programs sponsored by IMF and World Bank in exchange for balance of payments support. This was a multi-lateral support and it required the SSA countries to liberalize their trade regimes. Since the affected regions were primary resource based economies, trade liberalization in this region led to a region developing tighter integration with the global economy as primary product exporters. Since establishment of structural adjustment program in Africa has performed very poorly. The average GNP per capita in SSA has fallen by 43 percent and by the early 2000s debt arising international financial institutions reached 36 percent compared to 16 percent in the 1980s.World Bank has increased the total long-term outstanding debt by 25 percent, compared to 10% in the 1980s. Both labor and land productivity has reduced while population has been rising at an average rate of 3 percent; due primarily to farmers lacking access to improved technologies (Lipumba 1999).In the Figure 1 compares average growth rates of GDP per capita among sub sub-Saharan African countries with average per capita growth rates among developing nations. The estimates of longrun trend GDP per capital growth two groups of countries are clearly shown in the Figure 1. As shown rate in the figure, the growth rate in Sub Saharan Africa countries have fallen below the average growth of rate of all other developing countries over this same time frame.According to this paper also, the average long-run GDP per capita growth rate in SSA was negative during 1980s and the early 1990s.This means the living standards fell over this time frame.Figure 1
Source: World Development Indicators, 2007. In most of the economic theories and multiple empirical analyses, it is argued that openness to trade can be the engine of economic Growth. Economists such as Stiglitz and Charlot (2005) argued that openness of economies to international trade is a very good thing and can lead to faster growth of economies.Contrary to this the already existing theoretical models and previous empirical analyses reflected something different. It is true trade whether international or regional result to economic growth, but it i s also a fact that it can lock countries into a slower or no growth paths. Dan Rodrik (2006) observed that the implication is that its imperative to tailor trade policy in SSA Circumstances in order to realize any development from trade. That way SSA can compete more advantageously in the international market. When the trade policies are tailored, the SSA will be enabling to engage in export-import activities with developed nations. This way the developed nations will be less likely to engage in trade barriers. A point to note will be that barriers are very important in fostering economic development and per capita income growth in SSA (Rodriguez and Rodrik, 1999). Dani Rodrik in his argument suggested that in order to achieve sustainable growth and be able to absorb the exogenous shocks in the international trade and SSA economy, we ought to change the our trade policies that is from a totally open economy to a tailored one. This would give SSA countries a competitive edge in the global market. This will require the political will and effort from the SSA national as well as governments and also a considerable adjustment through SSA trade policy. Furthermore this trade policy should be skewed towards the themes of debt relief, infrastructural development and assistance which must be in line with the binding constraints of SSAs economic plan, Dani Rodrik (2011).Economic Interdependence is becoming a key factor among world nations and as the SSA countries purpose to enter the global economy it is very challenging and it would need numerous nation-level efforts both at the local government and International trade institutions to be set. Meanwhile, SSA Countries integrated with the global economy in the 1980s with stabilization and structural adjustment program under the auspices of IMF and the World Bank in exchange for balance payment support and also required SSA to liberalize the trade regime. This resulted to tighter integration with the global economy as primary source exporters (World Bank, 2011); this paper therefore tries to learn whether, in the SSA context, an open economy strategy promoted rapid per capita income growth. This paper uses a cross-country empirical analysis methods and theoretical analysis to estimate and summarize the results so as to conclude that tailored trade policy is the best option for SSA to promote per capita income growth.This is the structure of the paper: the next section provides an overview of trade and reviews SSAs trade performance. The third section is methodology. Next are results and findings. Then lastly is the conclusion. 2. Background and Literature review SSA trade. Primarily, the reason and motive of trading or participating in trade is to gain profit and acquire monetary gains from the trade markets. A country engages in trading in order to benefit from it through monetary gains or even material profits. It is the central framework of trade theory that gives credence that by engagement in trade, countries are able to raise their level of income per capita. As per the trade theory, the countrys domestic price ratio must differ from that of international trade; that way it is able to make profit from the trade. From the trade theory, it is also believed that trade gives rise to countrys economy, in which the price ratio is affected globally. Taking of material benefits in trade, consumers and countries have an opportunity to buy goods they might not have bought in autarky. It also allows countries to use resource such as labor, technology and capital effectively and efficiently through specialization. According to Weil (2005), trade gives the country the opportunity to maximize their capacity produce and acquire goods. David Ricardo says that apart from the gains attained through trade and free trade prices, a theory on comparative advantage is also drawn. This comparative advantage observation refers to the ability of a party to produce a partic ular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than another. It is an attempt to agree with the fact that even if one nation is more efficient in the production of all goods; which would it is at a vantage point over all goods than the other nation, the two nations stand to gain from each other as long as they have different relative efficiencies. According to economic theories, countries may trade to achieve an economy of scale in production. This promotes higher productivity as well as being able to have different tastes and preferences from the variety of goods. Trade openness leads to reduction of cost of production, enhances productivity while doing away with monopoly power. These and other benefits mentioned above are gained from trade (Perkins, Radelet and Lindauer, 2006).In order to detect whether there is per economic growth in a country or region, one is required to consider several factors the lead to or affect the growth. Solow Growth Model is one of the best and clas sic growth models that are widely used to investigate policies leading promotion of per-capita income growth. In this Model, Solow assumes that growth of per-capita output is a result of capital accumulation and technological progress. When the economy reaches the steady state, the output growth can only be attained through technological progress. Solow started with a production function of the Cobb-Douglas type: Y= A (KaLb). This production function is widely used to represent outputs and inputs. It was suggested by Knut-Wicksell (1825-1926) and was tested in statistics by Charles Cobb and Paul Douglas in 1928.They used it to model the economy of American in years 1899-1922.In his approach, Solow used this production function of Cobb-Douglas type: Y= A (KaLb).Where A: Productivity a b: diminishing returns to scale to a single factor a+b=1: c...

Analysis Shake And Stir Theatre Company - 1620 Words

Shake and Stir Theatre Company is a compelling theatrical voice which aspires to render Shakespeare’s plays to appease modern audiences. However, William Shakespeare penned his last play 400 years ago; despite this, his plays and sonnets are as alive today as they were in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Shakespeare’s plays still appeal to modern society because of the universality of the dramatic themes- desire, domestic relationships, the complications of love and power struggles in relationships - humans still experience these emotions and challenges which gives Shakespeare a foothold in modern times (Bruster, 2014). Shake and Stir sequenced together an array of modified scenes from Shakespeare’s most iconic plays, to implore the dramatic meaning that Shakespearean text can be rendered to engross modern audiences while maintaining its integrity and Elizabethan charm. â€Å"Great Shakes† is staged in a graveyard, where three year ten students, Betty, Brock a nd Ben are incarcerated. However, after appearances from several supernaturals, they are returned to their everyday lives, but not before they are faced with the task to manipulate Shakespeare’s tragedies, comedies and histories to engage contemporary audiences. It is evident that Shake and Stir’s production, â€Å"Great Shakes† effectively conveyed the dramatic meaning of Shakespeare’s relevance in contemporary society. This was made explicit through the re-contextualization of the historical context and utilisation of conventionsShow MoreRelatedGodiva Marketing Assignment9205 Words   |  37 Pageslove to indulge in the rich and delicious world of chocolate. Godiva chocolate offers a variety of chocolate which includes truffles, pralines, ganaches, nuts, fruit liquor, caramel, white chocolate, dark chocolate milk chocolate and even chocolate shakes. All of these chocolates are packaged in an artfully designed packaging which could only be described as world-class. Godiva has 3 stores in Singapore that are situated in prime locations, where it accessibility is at its most convenient for shoppersRead MoreSwot Analysis25582 Words   |  103 Pageshorses, later expanding into sheep-shearing equipment. Shaft Company In 1910, The Chicago Flexible electrical diversified into small appliances and, with the launch of the Princess electric iron, it laid the foundation for the small electrical appliance industry. The diversification strategy was aimed at offsetting the seasonal nature of the sheep-shearing industry. In 1914, the company purchased the Australian operation, and the company Cooper Engineering Co. (CEC) was born. 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Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk ---------------------------------This edition published 2011  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 The rights of Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes to be identifiedRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesUniversity Joanne Duberley Birmingham Business School, The University of Birmingham Phil Johnson The Management School, The University of Sheffield . 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Analysis of the Longman Corpus Network shows that these 3000 most frequentRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pagesof the case regarding th e Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal. On January 10, Judge Keenan had issued a letter rogatory for obtaining the documents from Eveready Industries India Limited that could potentially establish the nexus between this Indian Company and Union Carbide, USA and DOW Chemical USA. Sharma their Attorney General who had been fighting for the survivors in the US Courts since 1999 when the legal action was initiated. In his decision Judge has agreed to seek judicial assistance from theRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 PagesThat s also a sad thing of course and it was only me and dad left. We were alone on our own sides, so to say, because the strange thing was that he didn t have any friends coming visit either. He was sitting by himself drinking. There was no company. But most of all, there was no food. I was outdoors most of the time playing football and riding stolen bikes, and I would often come home hungry as a wolf and open the fridge thinking: Please, please, let there be something! But no, nothing,

A Timeline of the European Union

Follow this timeline to learn about the series of steps over decades that led to the creation of the European Union. Pre-1950 1923: Pan European Union society formed; supporters include Konrad Adenauer and Georges Pompidou, later leaders of Germany and France.1942: Charles de Gaulle calls for a union.1945: World War II ends; Europe is left divided and damaged.1946: European Union of Federalists forms to campaign for a United States of Europe.September 1946: Churchill calls for a United States of Europe based around France and Germany to increase the chance of peace.January 1948: Benelux Customs Union formed by Belgium, Luxembourg, and Netherlands.1948: Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) created to organize the Marshall Plan; some argue this is not unified enough.April 1949: NATO forms.May 1949: Council of Europe formed to discuss closer co-operation. 1950s May 1950: Schuman Declaration (named after the French Foreign Minister) proposes French and German coal and steel communities.April 19, 1951: European Coal and Steel Community Treaty signed by Germany, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and Netherlands.May 1952: European Defence Community (EDC) Treaty.August 1954: France rejects the EDC treaty.March 25, 1957: Treaties of Rome signed: creates Common Market / European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community.January 1, 1958: Treaties of Rome come into effect. 1960s 1961: Britain tries to join the EEC but is rejected.January 1963: Franco-German Treaty of Friendship; they agree to work together on many policy issues.January 1966: Luxembourg Compromise gives majority vote on some issues, but leaves national veto on key areas.July 1, 1968: Full customs union created in the EEC, ahead of schedule.1967: British application again rejected.December 1969: Hague summit to â€Å"relaunch† the Community, attended by heads of state. 1970s 1970: Werner Report argues economic and monetary union possible by 1980.April 1970: Agreement for EEC to raise own funds through levies and customs duties.October 1972: Paris Summit agrees on plans for the future, including economic and monetary union and ERDF fund to support depressed regions.January 1973: UK, Ireland, and Denmark join.March 1975: First meeting of the European Council, where heads of state gather to discuss events.1979: First direct elections to European Parliament.March 1979: Agreement to create the European Monetary System. 1980s 1981: Greece joins.February 1984: Draft Treaty on European Union produced.December 1985: Single European Act agreed; takes two years to ratify.1986: Portugal and Spain join.July 1, 1987: Single European Act comes into effect. 1990s February 1992: Maastricht Treaty / Treaty on European Union signed.1993: Single Market begins.November 1, 1993: Maastricht Treaty comes into effect.January 1, 1995: Austria, Finland, and Sweden join.1995: Decision taken to introduce the single currency, the Euro.October 2, 1997: Treaty of Amsterdam makes minor changes.January 1, 1999: Euro introduced in eleven counties.May 1, 1999: Treaty of Amsterdam comes into effect. 2000s 2001: Treaty of Nice signed; extends majority voting.2002: Old currencies were withdrawn, ‘Euro’ becomes the sole currency in the majority of EU; Convention on the Future of Europe created to draw up a constitution for larger EU.February 1, 2003: Treaty of Nice comes into effect.2004: Draft constitution signed.May 1, 2004: Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Slovenia join.2005: Draft constitution rejected by voters in France and the Netherlands.2007: Lisbon Treaty signed, this modified the constitution until it was deemed a sufficient compromise; Bulgaria and Romania join.June 2008: Irish voters reject the Lisbon Treaty.October 2009: Irish voters accept the Lisbon Treaty.December 1, 2009: Lisbon Treaty comes into effect.2013: Croatia joins.2016: United Kingdom votes to leave.

A Few Good Men By Erich Fromm - 1404 Words

In the movie A Few Good Men, there is a large overlying problem in how Dawson and Downey succumb to blindly following their superior’s crude moral values. In his article â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem,† Erich Fromm studies the acts of obedience and the subsequent disobedience from a psychological standpoint. He begins by attesting disobedience to the beginning of true human life and obedience to the lingering doom that humans faced during the cold war. He continues to further break apart obedience into separate influential categories. Finally ending with the instructions as to how one learns to disobey (Fromm 12. In his article â€Å"The Genocidal Killer in the Mirror,† Crispin Sartwell explains the men who served as the†¦show more content†¦He would classify their obedience as such because they submit blindly to the orders of Colonial Jessep, whether he be in person or only in their minds. Finally, he would explain the authorita rian conscience as stemming from an irrational authority because Col. Jessep had to use his powers in a detrimental way to obtain the result (Fromm 126). Sartwell would agree with Fromm however, he would attribute Dawson and Downey’s willingness to defer to authority as to why they are so easily controlled by Col. Jessep (118). He believes that every person can submit to authority with the help of other people (Sartwell 118). According to Saul McLeod a psychology tutor and University and owner of Psychology Today the superego, as once stated by the infamous psychologist Sigmund Freud, oversees making humans feel guilty in situations where they did not act ideally or it can instill pride during times where they did act ideally. This idea of a superego can be used to give further explanation as to why Dawson and Downey are so inclined to listen to and follow Col. Jessep even though he was not the one to physically tell them to give Santiago the code red (McLeod). Fromm would a gree with McLeod that this ability of the superego to persuade a person one way or the other leads to an easier ability to control another person. Just as Fromm provides the specifics as to what isShow MoreRelatedA Few Good Men By Erich Fromm1403 Words   |  6 Pagescapability and, thus, it can prevent unethical actions. In the film, A Few Good Men, Col. Nathan R. Jessup, the commanding officer at Guantanamo Bay Cuba orders a â€Å"code red† – an unsanctioned disciplinary action against Pfc. William T. Santiago. Lance Cpl. Harold W. Dawson and Pfc. Louden Downey, two U.S. Marines, are the fellow platoon members that implement the code red, and Lt. Daniel Kaffee defends Dawson and Downey in court. Erich Fromm, author of â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem,†Read MoreA Few Good Men By Erich Fromm1546 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the motion picture â€Å"A Few Good Men† it obscures the inquiry whether disobedience or obedience is the rat ional distinction and at what instant does following the orders turn into blind obedience and submission? Furthermore, the movie complicates this theme by establishing military culture where disobedience to a higher power invokes dire repercussions. One example in the motion picture is when United States Marines Lance Corporal Harold Dawson and Private Louden Downey where instructed by theirRead MoreA Few Good Men By Erich Fromm And Stanley Milgram1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe movie, A Few Good Men, is the story of how two marines go on trial for the murder of another marine. The movie then unfolds into an emotional drama which dives deep into conspiracy and the psychodynamics of following orders. A Few Good Men was a critically acclaimed movie and was nominated for multiple Academy Awards. Similarly, authors Erich Fromm and Stanley Milgram, wrote essays that explored the morals behind obedience, and how disobedience of immoral commands can bring betterment to othersRead MoreEssay about The Abuse of Power in the Military1186 Words   |  5 PagesA Few Good Men is a movie that adequately causes debate among renowned professors, philosophers, and psychoanalysts. The film demonstrates multiple qualities of commands and power in the military, specifically the Marines. A Few Good Men has an early distinguishable gender distinction, where women are subordinate to men, despite being higher in rank. Marines use a punishment known as a Code Red to discipline any soldier who fails to comply with any and all given orders. Philip G. Zimbardo is a professorRead MoreObedience and Disobedience in A Few Good Man1594 Words   |  7 Pagesfilm A Few Good Men. Two soldiers caught in the middle of right and wrong will keep there hope and loyalty high as they wish for the best. Will the instigator of it all be pressured through his own anger to reveal the truth? Rob Reiner presents Col. Nathan R. Jessep as having an exaggerated self opinion while using his power for evil, based on dispositional factors. Lt. Daniel Kaffee uses his Harvard law education to represent two Marines who are being charged for murder in the movie A Few Good MenRead MoreObedience And Its Effect On Society2278 Words   |  10 Pagesbeen the root of numerous atrocities and serves as a reminder that obedience can lead to humanity’s downfall. Themes of obedience are studied in many articles and experiments. Two prominent examples, Stanley Milgram, a social psychologist, and Erich Fromm, a psychoanalyst, both wrote about their beliefs as to why humans are so prone to obey. The nature of human obedience derives its potency from consistent habituating, protection, and a deeply ingrained human characteristic. One of the reasons whyRead MoreObedience Is Not A Bad Thing Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesobedience and disobedience serve a purpose, from positive control through obedience, to denying control to avoid being influenced to do something immoral. Erich Fromm, Doris Lessing, and Stanley Milgram reveal how the effects of obedience can be negative and how hard it can be to disobey. Obedience can be catastrophic; during the holocaust, many men obeyed orders only to find they were puppets in an evil scheme. However, thriving obedience in the human species is a cause of the need to please, a difficultyRead MoreObedience Is Not A Bad Thing Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesobedience and disobedience serve a purpose, from positive control through obedience, to denying control to avoid being influenced to do something immoral. Erich Fromm, Doris Lessing, and Stanley Milgram reveal how the effects of obedience can be negative and how hard it can be to disobey. Obedience can be catastrophic; duri ng the holocaust, many men obeyed orders only to find they were puppets in an evil scheme. However, thriving obedience in the human species is a cause of the need to please, a difficultyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie A Few Good Men Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesConsequences of Obedience Late one night, two Marines, Lance Corporal Harold Dawson and Private First Class Louden Downey carried out a â€Å"code red† on Private First Class William Santiago that ultimately resulted in Santiago’s death. In the film A Few Good Men, nominated for an Academy Award for best picture and directed by Rob Reiner, Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee, investigates the crime and develops his own opinion on whether the murder of Santiago was ethically stable in terms of Dawson and Downey’s mentalRead MoreLove and Marriage Illustrated in Raisin in the Sun, A Dolls House and Is Love an Art960 Words   |  4 PagesIn the late 1800’s through early 1900’s women and men were did not â€Å"tie the knot† like the women and men do in today’s day. In today’s world, women and men get married because they have many things in common, they are in love with each other, and they choose to get married to one another. In many stories written back then, reade rs can expect to read about how marriages were arranged and how many people were not having the wedded bliss marriage proclaims today. Take a look at Ruth and Walter in

Functional Behavior Assessment Paper - 1301 Words

Functional Behavior Assessment and Behavior Support Plan Lynnette Meinig SPE-522 June 5, 2013 Nicola Harris Functional Behavior Assessment and Behavior Support Plan Functional behavior assessments are important to teachers and students because I believe that all children behave a certain way for a reason. Children who have disabilities as well as children who do not have disabilities behave in inappropriate ways and a functional behavior assessment can help to determine why so that a plan can be developed to correct the behavior. Negative behavior is a reaction to something happening in a childs life or an imbalance in the child. A child with an imbalance will benefit from a functional behavior assessment because there is a†¦show more content†¦Functional behavior assessments are very useful to teachers because they will help to identify reasons for inappropriate behaviors of a student. Not only will the assessment peal back the layers of a students behavior but it can also reveal how to change the inappropriate behavior. Students with disabilities will have inappropriate behaviors in order to communicate with the teacher and adult s involved in their day. These behaviors could appear for something as simple as the disabled students refuses to write down what they were asked to, because they are not able to spell or write a word. Students without disabilities may also behave in an inappropriate way because they may not be able to spell or write a word. The functional behavior assessment will guide a teacher to know what subject or even what part of a subject is challenging to a student. Functional behavioral assessments have two major components, identifying and defining target behaviors as well as conducting behavior observations. The assessment should begin with indentifying and defining targeted behaviors and the best way to do that is to conduct a formal interview of the student. The interview should include family who are directly connected to the students home life as well as the staff involved with the student. The interview should reveal important things like when does the behavior occur during the day, how frequently, what the behavior is receded by, whatShow MoreRelatedCognitive And Intellectual Disorders, By Dr. Brian Iwata Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesIwata is the field’s foremost researcher on functional analysis methodology of problematic behaviors. He has held faculty positions at both Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Western Michigan University before settling down at the University of Florida. After receiving his Ph.D. from Florida State University, Dr. Iwata set out to revolutionize the disciplines of behavioral and intellectual disorders, program development, and applied behavior analysis by accepting a director positionRead MoreEvaluation Of A Functional Assessment And A Potential Behavior Support Plan1700 Words   |  7 PagesRagusa This meeting is being held to plan for the assessment of Isiah Hoyte. We will go over the target behaviors as reported by school staff and parent. We will go over records, data collection, the purpose of an FBA, and go over goals for the intervention. The purpose of a functional assessment operationally defines behaviors of concern, identifies events that may trigger the suppose behaviors and learn about interventions. The functional assessment consisted of interviews with teachers and the parentRead MoreIntervention Selection For Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1511 Words   |  7 PagesErvin, R A, DuPaul, G J, Kern, L, Friman, P C. (1998, Spring). Classroom-based Functional and Adjunctive Assessments: Proactive Approaches to Intervention Selection for Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31 (1), p.65-78. PURPOSE: The purpose of the Ervin, DuPaul, Kern and Friman (1998) study was: to explore previous research and expand upon those finding to determine if the identification of a behavior’s function is valuable and/or necessaryRead MoreFamily Health Assessment : A Family Based Nursing916 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is a significant instrument in conveying a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. The health patterns were values and health perception, nutrition, sleep and rest, elimination, activities and exercise, cognitive, sensory-perception, self-perception, role relationshipRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1469 Words   |  6 Pagesjob. In order to determine what the cause of Matt’s behavioral issues are at work, a functional behavior assessment will be done. According to Cooper, Heron and Heward (2007), a functional behavior assessment (FBA) is a systematic method of assessment used to gather information about the functions of behaviors that are being targeted for change. By using indirect and direct assessment methods, the behavior analyst is able to gather the information that is needed to put together an appropriateRead MoreCase Study : Raven s Raven 1468 Words   |  6 PagesDescription Educational History. The student has no trouble in reading or in math. He has some difficulty in writing. Specifically, he has trouble expressing his ideas on paper. In a typical classroom setting he is very social. He sometimes requires redirection and occasional reminders to maintain an acceptable voice tone. However, his behavior does not inhibit his learning or that of other students. He is well liked by many of his peers and attends school on a regular basis. He requires additional supportRead MoreApplied Behavioral Analysis Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis II – PS365-01 Kaplan University August 13, 2012 Behavior modification is field within psychology that specializes in identifying relationships between a specific behavior and environmental events as well as creating and instituting procedures that help individuals to change a particular behavior. When behavior analysts conduct research they use research designs that help them to identify whether a change in the targeted behavior or dependent variable was result of implementation of a specificRead MoreThe Lives of the Grape Family in Whats Eating Glibert Grape1631 Words   |  7 Pagesreveals the struggles that the family face while raising Arnie who had a chronic mental illness (Hallstrà ¶m et al., 1993). This paper will discuss the priority concerns and corresponding interventions that are pertinent for the Grape family based on thorough use of the Calgary family assessment model. The focus of this papers assessment on the family will be on the functional aspect; however the structural and developmental aspects have been as sessed. The Effect of Chronic Mental Illness on the GrapeRead MoreEssay on Family Focused Health Assessment Questions - Lou Ann Lake1299 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Focused Health Assessment L. L. Grand Canyon University August 11, 2013 Family Focused Health Assessment As the society we live in continues to transform, nurses need a comprehensive tool to assess family’s health patterns. Family units are influenced by environment, biological, mental, social and spiritual factors. Assessing these areas for health promotion and disease prevention will take all of these influences into consideration (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010). 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Cultural Considerations Free Essays

Abstract In this paper, we will discuss the cultural differences faced within the criminal justice system. The differences include cultural beliefs, practices, race, gender, and etc. The criminal justice system in the United States does not have an exact solution on how to proceed and embed our country with the cultures beliefs and practices performed by now citizens of the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Considerations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within this paper, the cultural concerns will be addressed along with possible solutions on how to involve other cultural practices within our own western society. Lastly, Affirmative Action, the Employment Opportunity Act , and other nondiscrimination practices will be examined on how they have impacted the minority population along with the criminal justice system. Cultures Criminal Law There are many cultures that reside within the United States. Within these cultures come different religious practices and cultural beliefs about their lives, in which some people may disagree about. So, if we do disagree about their beliefs, does it give us the right in the United States to imply we cannot perform those practices here because it’s against our laws? Actions that are illegal here may not be illegal in the country from where the individual is from, are to step aside and allow them to practice the belief anyways? The answer to both questions is â€Å"No†. We must not ignore both situations; this will only cause conflict and heartache for those involved. Criminal law with its emphasis on formal values such as legality and legal certainty faces problems when encountering social issues and social questions that relate to cultural conflicts and different perceptions of substantial principles of justice and morality (Nuotio, 2008). Due to the flexibility of criminal law, cultural issues may be taken into the account in various ways, should this turn out to be necessary. Criminal law is also a cultural phenomenon itself, representing the values of the community. Western criminal justice is surely individualistic in many ways, as it aims at allocating blame and responsibility to individuals for their wrongful actions. At the same time, it is the part of law through which the political community largely defines itself be deciding about issues of right and wrong. In a modern context, cultural diversity causes extra pressure on political and legal systems, but it does actually render modern law even more important than before, and the substantial disagreements cannot be handled otherwise. One problem that we also must consider is that, even taking cultural context into account in criminal law might itself become a denunciatory practice, a denial of recognition. This view indicates that culture is like nature in that it influences and even determines the actions of the individual, thus limiting individual responsibility on factual grounds. Culture would then be regarded as a kind of force that actually diminishes responsibility for one’s actions in declaring it traditional and customary instead of highlighting its individuality. It is therefore, crucially important to think carefully about how and why culture matters. It might be that both culture and law have the potential to work towards non-recognition or misrecognition. Culture itself is not innocent in this respect. Cultural conflicts often have to do with the fact that different meanings are associated with actions and events by their various participants. The key question is then whether we must guarantee that the legal imputations always respect such cultural sensitivities. Are we generally entitled to have our own personal world-view respected by the courts when they decide cases in which we are involved? Would other solutions mean that some aspects that are constitutive of our identity will be publicly rejected? The conflict may often between the two expressions: that of the action itself, and that of its legal interpretation. Criminal law aims at replacing the meaning and evaluation of the act given by the actor himself or herself, or the community, by a legal assessment of it. This might turn into a conflict of interpretation. Criminal law is a sort of institutionalized denial, taking standpoints and presenting them over the heads of the individuals in question as it communicates and allocates blame. For example, (Nuotio, 2008), suggests we could, more, generally, expect to see clashes over rights at every level (freedom rights, political rights, welfare rights), and we could also presume that at least some cultural conflicts will arise in the context in which defenders of a tradition are enforcing a traditional morality that clashes with the rights of the  individual. There are incidents of honor offences concerning forced marriages in which the father or brothers have violently forced an unwilling bride to marry or even killed her when she has insisted on marrying someone of her own choice. It is not rather contradictory if a person who herself fully enjoys all the rights and protection granted to her in a modern society strives to defend a cultural practice that is not compatible with such rights? We live in an iron cage, prisoners of our legal framework which has developed over many centuries. Against the Law? Actions may be wrong, no persons. The legal imputation should never, however, appear as fully accidental and surprising. Legal imputation requires a sociological back-up. People need to understand what has happened and why the legal system intervened. The criminal law provisions defining various offences are deemed to refer to actions in an understandable way, all of which takes place under the fundamental challenge of legitimacy and justice. Criminal laws do not speak directly about identities, as this field of law limits itself to issues concerning actions. But certain actions that are prohibited as criminally wrong might be relevant for the identity of particular persons. Issues related to sexual crimes produce quite strong images of sexual manners and sexual identities. Such issues are being dealt with in modern criminal justice by a more fine-tuned approach than before. The protected interest is sexual autonomy, not public morals. However, while it seem reasonable to direct efforts toward recognizing cultural identity, respecting diversity to the point of justifying acts that threaten society’s values seems a dubious, even dangerous, policy. It would be difficult for a society to accept that certain acts to be tolerated and even justified solely on the basis of respecting the customs of other cultures; one need only think of the conflicts resulting from the justification of domestic abuse or violence. Communitarian policies of this nature could give rise to social instability, counterproductive to the goal of crime prevention (Carnevali, 2009). Police, EEO, Affirmative Action Cultural differences in America will affect not only our laws, but the law enforcer whom enforce the laws to start. It is important for police to understand the cultural experiences and dynamics of the communities they serve, these concerns go further. One of the reasons for focusing on cultural and other differences is that different people can have profoundly different experiences of the same event. There is no single, monolithic truth, but rather widely varying perceptions of reality. These perceptions are influenced by a number of factors; cultural background is one of them (Texas Highway Patrol Association Magazine, 2001). Along with cultural differences comes â€Å"cultural laws† to help protect those from discrimination from jobs, schools, disability, race, gender, and genetics. One of those laws include the Equal Employment Opportunity Act; applicants to and employees of most private employers, state and local governments, educational institutions, employment agencies and labor organizations are protected under federal law from discrimination on the following basis: race, color religion, sex, national origin; disability; age; sex (wages); genetics; and retaliation ( www. eeoc. gov.) Another law to mention that helped many minorities especially African Americans is Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action is a set of procedures designed to eliminate unlawful discrimination between applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future. Applicants may be seeking admission to an education program or looking for professional employment (Legal Information Institute, 2014). Within these laws no person shall be turned down or turn away due to the color of their skin, gender, religious background, and etc. These laws have provided different races to choose our country to reside in maybe because of these laws, but many people have gotten better employment, able to attend colleges, and etc. Conclusion As long as we are the United States, there will be many different cultures and people in this country. This is what makes our country unique because we accept and enjoy people from different countries making the United States their home for the time being or permanent. However, with opening our doors to different people, also brings their culture with them. Now are we suppose to let them do whatever they want because their past country was acceptance of the practice, â€Å"No†, but this also does not mean we will not try to compromise with the practice by suggesting other methods or working out a solution to assist in resolving the issue. Last but not least, our country needs to make laws to embrace other cultural beliefs by exploring other options if not acceptance by our law in this country. Until then, cultural difference, practice, or religious belief will need to be taken into court, where the courts can make decision on what is acceptable by our law. How to cite Cultural Considerations, Papers