Analysis Shake And Stir Theatre Company - 1620 Words

Shake and Stir Theatre Company is a compelling theatrical voice which aspires to render Shakespeare’s plays to appease modern audiences. However, William Shakespeare penned his last play 400 years ago; despite this, his plays and sonnets are as alive today as they were in the 16th and 17th Centuries. Shakespeare’s plays still appeal to modern society because of the universality of the dramatic themes- desire, domestic relationships, the complications of love and power struggles in relationships - humans still experience these emotions and challenges which gives Shakespeare a foothold in modern times (Bruster, 2014). Shake and Stir sequenced together an array of modified scenes from Shakespeare’s most iconic plays, to implore the dramatic meaning that Shakespearean text can be rendered to engross modern audiences while maintaining its integrity and Elizabethan charm. â€Å"Great Shakes† is staged in a graveyard, where three year ten students, Betty, Brock a nd Ben are incarcerated. However, after appearances from several supernaturals, they are returned to their everyday lives, but not before they are faced with the task to manipulate Shakespeare’s tragedies, comedies and histories to engage contemporary audiences. It is evident that Shake and Stir’s production, â€Å"Great Shakes† effectively conveyed the dramatic meaning of Shakespeare’s relevance in contemporary society. This was made explicit through the re-contextualization of the historical context and utilisation of conventionsShow MoreRelatedGodiva Marketing Assignment9205 Words   |  37 Pageslove to indulge in the rich and delicious world of chocolate. Godiva chocolate offers a variety of chocolate which includes truffles, pralines, ganaches, nuts, fruit liquor, caramel, white chocolate, dark chocolate milk chocolate and even chocolate shakes. All of these chocolates are packaged in an artfully designed packaging which could only be described as world-class. Godiva has 3 stores in Singapore that are situated in prime locations, where it accessibility is at its most convenient for shoppersRead MoreSwot Analysis25582 Words   |  103 Pageshorses, later expanding into sheep-shearing equipment. Shaft Company In 1910, The Chicago Flexible electrical diversified into small appliances and, with the launch of the Princess electric iron, it laid the foundation for the small electrical appliance industry. The diversification strategy was aimed at offsetting the seasonal nature of the sheep-shearing industry. In 1914, the company purchased the Australian operation, and the company Cooper Engineering Co. (CEC) was born. Seven years later, inRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagessocial units as (a) a political party trying to market its candidate to the public (b) the director of an art museum providing new exhibits to generate greater attendance and financial support (c) a labor union marketing its idea to members and to company management; and (d) professors trying to make their courses interesting for students. In addition to the range of items normally considered as products and services, what is being marketed might include (a) ideas such as reducing air p ollution orRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 PagesCase Studies C-1 INTRODUCTION Preparing an effective case analysis C-3 CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 ABB in China, 1998 C-16 Ansett Airlines and Air New Zealand: A flight to oblivion? C-31 BP–Mobil and the restructuring of the oil refining industry C-44 Compaq in crisis C-67 Gillette and the men’s wet-shaving market C-76 Incat Tasmania’s race for international success: Blue Riband strategies C-95 Kiwi Travel International Airlines Ltd C-105 CASE 8 Beefing up the beeflessRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages978-0-273-73552-6 (web) ï £ © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to download and photocopy the manual as required. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies around the world. Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk ---------------------------------This edition published 2011  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 The rights of Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes to be identifiedRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesUniversity Joanne Duberley Birmingham Business School, The University of Birmingham Phil Johnson The Management School, The University of Sheffield . Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 2007  © Pearson Education Limited 2007 The rights of Joanne Duberley, Phil Johnson and John McAuley to be identified as authors of this work have been assertedRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pageswords in both spoken and written English, based on statistical analysis of the 390 million words contained in the Longman Corpus Network – a group of corpuses or databases of authentic English language. The Longman Communication 3000 represents the core of the English language and shows students of English which words are the most important for them to learn and study in order to communicate effectively in both speech and writing. Analysis of the Longman Corpus Network shows that these 3000 most frequentRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pagesof the case regarding th e Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal. On January 10, Judge Keenan had issued a letter rogatory for obtaining the documents from Eveready Industries India Limited that could potentially establish the nexus between this Indian Company and Union Carbide, USA and DOW Chemical USA. Sharma their Attorney General who had been fighting for the survivors in the US Courts since 1999 when the legal action was initiated. In his decision Judge has agreed to seek judicial assistance from theRead MoreAutobilography of Zlatan Ibrahimovic116934 Words   |  468 PagesThat s also a sad thing of course and it was only me and dad left. We were alone on our own sides, so to say, because the strange thing was that he didn t have any friends coming visit either. He was sitting by himself drinking. There was no company. But most of all, there was no food. I was outdoors most of the time playing football and riding stolen bikes, and I would often come home hungry as a wolf and open the fridge thinking: Please, please, let there be something! But no, nothing,

A Timeline of the European Union

Follow this timeline to learn about the series of steps over decades that led to the creation of the European Union. Pre-1950 1923: Pan European Union society formed; supporters include Konrad Adenauer and Georges Pompidou, later leaders of Germany and France.1942: Charles de Gaulle calls for a union.1945: World War II ends; Europe is left divided and damaged.1946: European Union of Federalists forms to campaign for a United States of Europe.September 1946: Churchill calls for a United States of Europe based around France and Germany to increase the chance of peace.January 1948: Benelux Customs Union formed by Belgium, Luxembourg, and Netherlands.1948: Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) created to organize the Marshall Plan; some argue this is not unified enough.April 1949: NATO forms.May 1949: Council of Europe formed to discuss closer co-operation. 1950s May 1950: Schuman Declaration (named after the French Foreign Minister) proposes French and German coal and steel communities.April 19, 1951: European Coal and Steel Community Treaty signed by Germany, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and Netherlands.May 1952: European Defence Community (EDC) Treaty.August 1954: France rejects the EDC treaty.March 25, 1957: Treaties of Rome signed: creates Common Market / European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community.January 1, 1958: Treaties of Rome come into effect. 1960s 1961: Britain tries to join the EEC but is rejected.January 1963: Franco-German Treaty of Friendship; they agree to work together on many policy issues.January 1966: Luxembourg Compromise gives majority vote on some issues, but leaves national veto on key areas.July 1, 1968: Full customs union created in the EEC, ahead of schedule.1967: British application again rejected.December 1969: Hague summit to â€Å"relaunch† the Community, attended by heads of state. 1970s 1970: Werner Report argues economic and monetary union possible by 1980.April 1970: Agreement for EEC to raise own funds through levies and customs duties.October 1972: Paris Summit agrees on plans for the future, including economic and monetary union and ERDF fund to support depressed regions.January 1973: UK, Ireland, and Denmark join.March 1975: First meeting of the European Council, where heads of state gather to discuss events.1979: First direct elections to European Parliament.March 1979: Agreement to create the European Monetary System. 1980s 1981: Greece joins.February 1984: Draft Treaty on European Union produced.December 1985: Single European Act agreed; takes two years to ratify.1986: Portugal and Spain join.July 1, 1987: Single European Act comes into effect. 1990s February 1992: Maastricht Treaty / Treaty on European Union signed.1993: Single Market begins.November 1, 1993: Maastricht Treaty comes into effect.January 1, 1995: Austria, Finland, and Sweden join.1995: Decision taken to introduce the single currency, the Euro.October 2, 1997: Treaty of Amsterdam makes minor changes.January 1, 1999: Euro introduced in eleven counties.May 1, 1999: Treaty of Amsterdam comes into effect. 2000s 2001: Treaty of Nice signed; extends majority voting.2002: Old currencies were withdrawn, ‘Euro’ becomes the sole currency in the majority of EU; Convention on the Future of Europe created to draw up a constitution for larger EU.February 1, 2003: Treaty of Nice comes into effect.2004: Draft constitution signed.May 1, 2004: Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Slovenia join.2005: Draft constitution rejected by voters in France and the Netherlands.2007: Lisbon Treaty signed, this modified the constitution until it was deemed a sufficient compromise; Bulgaria and Romania join.June 2008: Irish voters reject the Lisbon Treaty.October 2009: Irish voters accept the Lisbon Treaty.December 1, 2009: Lisbon Treaty comes into effect.2013: Croatia joins.2016: United Kingdom votes to leave.

A Few Good Men By Erich Fromm - 1404 Words

In the movie A Few Good Men, there is a large overlying problem in how Dawson and Downey succumb to blindly following their superior’s crude moral values. In his article â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem,† Erich Fromm studies the acts of obedience and the subsequent disobedience from a psychological standpoint. He begins by attesting disobedience to the beginning of true human life and obedience to the lingering doom that humans faced during the cold war. He continues to further break apart obedience into separate influential categories. Finally ending with the instructions as to how one learns to disobey (Fromm 12. In his article â€Å"The Genocidal Killer in the Mirror,† Crispin Sartwell explains the men who served as the†¦show more content†¦He would classify their obedience as such because they submit blindly to the orders of Colonial Jessep, whether he be in person or only in their minds. Finally, he would explain the authorita rian conscience as stemming from an irrational authority because Col. Jessep had to use his powers in a detrimental way to obtain the result (Fromm 126). Sartwell would agree with Fromm however, he would attribute Dawson and Downey’s willingness to defer to authority as to why they are so easily controlled by Col. Jessep (118). He believes that every person can submit to authority with the help of other people (Sartwell 118). According to Saul McLeod a psychology tutor and University and owner of Psychology Today the superego, as once stated by the infamous psychologist Sigmund Freud, oversees making humans feel guilty in situations where they did not act ideally or it can instill pride during times where they did act ideally. This idea of a superego can be used to give further explanation as to why Dawson and Downey are so inclined to listen to and follow Col. Jessep even though he was not the one to physically tell them to give Santiago the code red (McLeod). Fromm would a gree with McLeod that this ability of the superego to persuade a person one way or the other leads to an easier ability to control another person. Just as Fromm provides the specifics as to what isShow MoreRelatedA Few Good Men By Erich Fromm1403 Words   |  6 Pagescapability and, thus, it can prevent unethical actions. In the film, A Few Good Men, Col. Nathan R. Jessup, the commanding officer at Guantanamo Bay Cuba orders a â€Å"code red† – an unsanctioned disciplinary action against Pfc. William T. Santiago. Lance Cpl. Harold W. Dawson and Pfc. Louden Downey, two U.S. Marines, are the fellow platoon members that implement the code red, and Lt. Daniel Kaffee defends Dawson and Downey in court. Erich Fromm, author of â€Å"Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem,†Read MoreA Few Good Men By Erich Fromm1546 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the motion picture â€Å"A Few Good Men† it obscures the inquiry whether disobedience or obedience is the rat ional distinction and at what instant does following the orders turn into blind obedience and submission? Furthermore, the movie complicates this theme by establishing military culture where disobedience to a higher power invokes dire repercussions. One example in the motion picture is when United States Marines Lance Corporal Harold Dawson and Private Louden Downey where instructed by theirRead MoreA Few Good Men By Erich Fromm And Stanley Milgram1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe movie, A Few Good Men, is the story of how two marines go on trial for the murder of another marine. The movie then unfolds into an emotional drama which dives deep into conspiracy and the psychodynamics of following orders. A Few Good Men was a critically acclaimed movie and was nominated for multiple Academy Awards. Similarly, authors Erich Fromm and Stanley Milgram, wrote essays that explored the morals behind obedience, and how disobedience of immoral commands can bring betterment to othersRead MoreEssay about The Abuse of Power in the Military1186 Words   |  5 PagesA Few Good Men is a movie that adequately causes debate among renowned professors, philosophers, and psychoanalysts. The film demonstrates multiple qualities of commands and power in the military, specifically the Marines. A Few Good Men has an early distinguishable gender distinction, where women are subordinate to men, despite being higher in rank. Marines use a punishment known as a Code Red to discipline any soldier who fails to comply with any and all given orders. Philip G. Zimbardo is a professorRead MoreObedience and Disobedience in A Few Good Man1594 Words   |  7 Pagesfilm A Few Good Men. Two soldiers caught in the middle of right and wrong will keep there hope and loyalty high as they wish for the best. Will the instigator of it all be pressured through his own anger to reveal the truth? Rob Reiner presents Col. Nathan R. Jessep as having an exaggerated self opinion while using his power for evil, based on dispositional factors. Lt. Daniel Kaffee uses his Harvard law education to represent two Marines who are being charged for murder in the movie A Few Good MenRead MoreObedience And Its Effect On Society2278 Words   |  10 Pagesbeen the root of numerous atrocities and serves as a reminder that obedience can lead to humanity’s downfall. Themes of obedience are studied in many articles and experiments. Two prominent examples, Stanley Milgram, a social psychologist, and Erich Fromm, a psychoanalyst, both wrote about their beliefs as to why humans are so prone to obey. The nature of human obedience derives its potency from consistent habituating, protection, and a deeply ingrained human characteristic. One of the reasons whyRead MoreObedience Is Not A Bad Thing Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesobedience and disobedience serve a purpose, from positive control through obedience, to denying control to avoid being influenced to do something immoral. Erich Fromm, Doris Lessing, and Stanley Milgram reveal how the effects of obedience can be negative and how hard it can be to disobey. Obedience can be catastrophic; during the holocaust, many men obeyed orders only to find they were puppets in an evil scheme. However, thriving obedience in the human species is a cause of the need to please, a difficultyRead MoreObedience Is Not A Bad Thing Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagesobedience and disobedience serve a purpose, from positive control through obedience, to denying control to avoid being influenced to do something immoral. Erich Fromm, Doris Lessing, and Stanley Milgram reveal how the effects of obedience can be negative and how hard it can be to disobey. Obedience can be catastrophic; duri ng the holocaust, many men obeyed orders only to find they were puppets in an evil scheme. However, thriving obedience in the human species is a cause of the need to please, a difficultyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie A Few Good Men Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesConsequences of Obedience Late one night, two Marines, Lance Corporal Harold Dawson and Private First Class Louden Downey carried out a â€Å"code red† on Private First Class William Santiago that ultimately resulted in Santiago’s death. In the film A Few Good Men, nominated for an Academy Award for best picture and directed by Rob Reiner, Lieutenant Daniel Kaffee, investigates the crime and develops his own opinion on whether the murder of Santiago was ethically stable in terms of Dawson and Downey’s mentalRead MoreLove and Marriage Illustrated in Raisin in the Sun, A Dolls House and Is Love an Art960 Words   |  4 PagesIn the late 1800’s through early 1900’s women and men were did not â€Å"tie the knot† like the women and men do in today’s day. In today’s world, women and men get married because they have many things in common, they are in love with each other, and they choose to get married to one another. In many stories written back then, reade rs can expect to read about how marriages were arranged and how many people were not having the wedded bliss marriage proclaims today. Take a look at Ruth and Walter in

Functional Behavior Assessment Paper - 1301 Words

Functional Behavior Assessment and Behavior Support Plan Lynnette Meinig SPE-522 June 5, 2013 Nicola Harris Functional Behavior Assessment and Behavior Support Plan Functional behavior assessments are important to teachers and students because I believe that all children behave a certain way for a reason. Children who have disabilities as well as children who do not have disabilities behave in inappropriate ways and a functional behavior assessment can help to determine why so that a plan can be developed to correct the behavior. Negative behavior is a reaction to something happening in a childs life or an imbalance in the child. A child with an imbalance will benefit from a functional behavior assessment because there is a†¦show more content†¦Functional behavior assessments are very useful to teachers because they will help to identify reasons for inappropriate behaviors of a student. Not only will the assessment peal back the layers of a students behavior but it can also reveal how to change the inappropriate behavior. Students with disabilities will have inappropriate behaviors in order to communicate with the teacher and adult s involved in their day. These behaviors could appear for something as simple as the disabled students refuses to write down what they were asked to, because they are not able to spell or write a word. Students without disabilities may also behave in an inappropriate way because they may not be able to spell or write a word. The functional behavior assessment will guide a teacher to know what subject or even what part of a subject is challenging to a student. Functional behavioral assessments have two major components, identifying and defining target behaviors as well as conducting behavior observations. The assessment should begin with indentifying and defining targeted behaviors and the best way to do that is to conduct a formal interview of the student. The interview should include family who are directly connected to the students home life as well as the staff involved with the student. The interview should reveal important things like when does the behavior occur during the day, how frequently, what the behavior is receded by, whatShow MoreRelatedCognitive And Intellectual Disorders, By Dr. Brian Iwata Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesIwata is the field’s foremost researcher on functional analysis methodology of problematic behaviors. He has held faculty positions at both Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Western Michigan University before settling down at the University of Florida. After receiving his Ph.D. from Florida State University, Dr. Iwata set out to revolutionize the disciplines of behavioral and intellectual disorders, program development, and applied behavior analysis by accepting a director positionRead MoreEvaluation Of A Functional Assessment And A Potential Behavior Support Plan1700 Words   |  7 PagesRagusa This meeting is being held to plan for the assessment of Isiah Hoyte. We will go over the target behaviors as reported by school staff and parent. We will go over records, data collection, the purpose of an FBA, and go over goals for the intervention. The purpose of a functional assessment operationally defines behaviors of concern, identifies events that may trigger the suppose behaviors and learn about interventions. The functional assessment consisted of interviews with teachers and the parentRead MoreIntervention Selection For Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1511 Words   |  7 PagesErvin, R A, DuPaul, G J, Kern, L, Friman, P C. (1998, Spring). Classroom-based Functional and Adjunctive Assessments: Proactive Approaches to Intervention Selection for Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31 (1), p.65-78. PURPOSE: The purpose of the Ervin, DuPaul, Kern and Friman (1998) study was: to explore previous research and expand upon those finding to determine if the identification of a behavior’s function is valuable and/or necessaryRead MoreFamily Health Assessment : A Family Based Nursing916 Words   |  4 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is a significant instrument in conveying a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. The health patterns were values and health perception, nutrition, sleep and rest, elimination, activities and exercise, cognitive, sensory-perception, self-perception, role relationshipRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1469 Words   |  6 Pagesjob. In order to determine what the cause of Matt’s behavioral issues are at work, a functional behavior assessment will be done. According to Cooper, Heron and Heward (2007), a functional behavior assessment (FBA) is a systematic method of assessment used to gather information about the functions of behaviors that are being targeted for change. By using indirect and direct assessment methods, the behavior analyst is able to gather the information that is needed to put together an appropriateRead MoreCase Study : Raven s Raven 1468 Words   |  6 PagesDescription Educational History. The student has no trouble in reading or in math. He has some difficulty in writing. Specifically, he has trouble expressing his ideas on paper. In a typical classroom setting he is very social. He sometimes requires redirection and occasional reminders to maintain an acceptable voice tone. However, his behavior does not inhibit his learning or that of other students. He is well liked by many of his peers and attends school on a regular basis. He requires additional supportRead MoreApplied Behavioral Analysis Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis II – PS365-01 Kaplan University August 13, 2012 Behavior modification is field within psychology that specializes in identifying relationships between a specific behavior and environmental events as well as creating and instituting procedures that help individuals to change a particular behavior. When behavior analysts conduct research they use research designs that help them to identify whether a change in the targeted behavior or dependent variable was result of implementation of a specificRead MoreThe Lives of the Grape Family in Whats Eating Glibert Grape1631 Words   |  7 Pagesreveals the struggles that the family face while raising Arnie who had a chronic mental illness (Hallstrà ¶m et al., 1993). This paper will discuss the priority concerns and corresponding interventions that are pertinent for the Grape family based on thorough use of the Calgary family assessment model. The focus of this papers assessment on the family will be on the functional aspect; however the structural and developmental aspects have been as sessed. The Effect of Chronic Mental Illness on the GrapeRead MoreEssay on Family Focused Health Assessment Questions - Lou Ann Lake1299 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Focused Health Assessment L. L. Grand Canyon University August 11, 2013 Family Focused Health Assessment As the society we live in continues to transform, nurses need a comprehensive tool to assess family’s health patterns. Family units are influenced by environment, biological, mental, social and spiritual factors. Assessing these areas for health promotion and disease prevention will take all of these influences into consideration (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010). A priority toRead MoreHealth Assessment of the famli using Gordons 11 Functional Health Patterns1274 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Assessment of the Family using Gordon’s 11 Functional Health Patterns Grand Canyon University: NRS-429-V , 2013 Health Assessment of the lamoth’s Family, using the Gordon’s 11 Functional Health Patterns. The Gordon’s 11 Functional Health Patterns Assessment is a very useful tool in assessing and evaluating the family’s established health patterns, allowing the care provider an inside look at the overall health of a particular family and able to assist

Cultural Considerations Free Essays

Abstract In this paper, we will discuss the cultural differences faced within the criminal justice system. The differences include cultural beliefs, practices, race, gender, and etc. The criminal justice system in the United States does not have an exact solution on how to proceed and embed our country with the cultures beliefs and practices performed by now citizens of the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Considerations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within this paper, the cultural concerns will be addressed along with possible solutions on how to involve other cultural practices within our own western society. Lastly, Affirmative Action, the Employment Opportunity Act , and other nondiscrimination practices will be examined on how they have impacted the minority population along with the criminal justice system. Cultures Criminal Law There are many cultures that reside within the United States. Within these cultures come different religious practices and cultural beliefs about their lives, in which some people may disagree about. So, if we do disagree about their beliefs, does it give us the right in the United States to imply we cannot perform those practices here because it’s against our laws? Actions that are illegal here may not be illegal in the country from where the individual is from, are to step aside and allow them to practice the belief anyways? The answer to both questions is â€Å"No†. We must not ignore both situations; this will only cause conflict and heartache for those involved. Criminal law with its emphasis on formal values such as legality and legal certainty faces problems when encountering social issues and social questions that relate to cultural conflicts and different perceptions of substantial principles of justice and morality (Nuotio, 2008). Due to the flexibility of criminal law, cultural issues may be taken into the account in various ways, should this turn out to be necessary. Criminal law is also a cultural phenomenon itself, representing the values of the community. Western criminal justice is surely individualistic in many ways, as it aims at allocating blame and responsibility to individuals for their wrongful actions. At the same time, it is the part of law through which the political community largely defines itself be deciding about issues of right and wrong. In a modern context, cultural diversity causes extra pressure on political and legal systems, but it does actually render modern law even more important than before, and the substantial disagreements cannot be handled otherwise. One problem that we also must consider is that, even taking cultural context into account in criminal law might itself become a denunciatory practice, a denial of recognition. This view indicates that culture is like nature in that it influences and even determines the actions of the individual, thus limiting individual responsibility on factual grounds. Culture would then be regarded as a kind of force that actually diminishes responsibility for one’s actions in declaring it traditional and customary instead of highlighting its individuality. It is therefore, crucially important to think carefully about how and why culture matters. It might be that both culture and law have the potential to work towards non-recognition or misrecognition. Culture itself is not innocent in this respect. Cultural conflicts often have to do with the fact that different meanings are associated with actions and events by their various participants. The key question is then whether we must guarantee that the legal imputations always respect such cultural sensitivities. Are we generally entitled to have our own personal world-view respected by the courts when they decide cases in which we are involved? Would other solutions mean that some aspects that are constitutive of our identity will be publicly rejected? The conflict may often between the two expressions: that of the action itself, and that of its legal interpretation. Criminal law aims at replacing the meaning and evaluation of the act given by the actor himself or herself, or the community, by a legal assessment of it. This might turn into a conflict of interpretation. Criminal law is a sort of institutionalized denial, taking standpoints and presenting them over the heads of the individuals in question as it communicates and allocates blame. For example, (Nuotio, 2008), suggests we could, more, generally, expect to see clashes over rights at every level (freedom rights, political rights, welfare rights), and we could also presume that at least some cultural conflicts will arise in the context in which defenders of a tradition are enforcing a traditional morality that clashes with the rights of the  individual. There are incidents of honor offences concerning forced marriages in which the father or brothers have violently forced an unwilling bride to marry or even killed her when she has insisted on marrying someone of her own choice. It is not rather contradictory if a person who herself fully enjoys all the rights and protection granted to her in a modern society strives to defend a cultural practice that is not compatible with such rights? We live in an iron cage, prisoners of our legal framework which has developed over many centuries. Against the Law? Actions may be wrong, no persons. The legal imputation should never, however, appear as fully accidental and surprising. Legal imputation requires a sociological back-up. People need to understand what has happened and why the legal system intervened. The criminal law provisions defining various offences are deemed to refer to actions in an understandable way, all of which takes place under the fundamental challenge of legitimacy and justice. Criminal laws do not speak directly about identities, as this field of law limits itself to issues concerning actions. But certain actions that are prohibited as criminally wrong might be relevant for the identity of particular persons. Issues related to sexual crimes produce quite strong images of sexual manners and sexual identities. Such issues are being dealt with in modern criminal justice by a more fine-tuned approach than before. The protected interest is sexual autonomy, not public morals. However, while it seem reasonable to direct efforts toward recognizing cultural identity, respecting diversity to the point of justifying acts that threaten society’s values seems a dubious, even dangerous, policy. It would be difficult for a society to accept that certain acts to be tolerated and even justified solely on the basis of respecting the customs of other cultures; one need only think of the conflicts resulting from the justification of domestic abuse or violence. Communitarian policies of this nature could give rise to social instability, counterproductive to the goal of crime prevention (Carnevali, 2009). Police, EEO, Affirmative Action Cultural differences in America will affect not only our laws, but the law enforcer whom enforce the laws to start. It is important for police to understand the cultural experiences and dynamics of the communities they serve, these concerns go further. One of the reasons for focusing on cultural and other differences is that different people can have profoundly different experiences of the same event. There is no single, monolithic truth, but rather widely varying perceptions of reality. These perceptions are influenced by a number of factors; cultural background is one of them (Texas Highway Patrol Association Magazine, 2001). Along with cultural differences comes â€Å"cultural laws† to help protect those from discrimination from jobs, schools, disability, race, gender, and genetics. One of those laws include the Equal Employment Opportunity Act; applicants to and employees of most private employers, state and local governments, educational institutions, employment agencies and labor organizations are protected under federal law from discrimination on the following basis: race, color religion, sex, national origin; disability; age; sex (wages); genetics; and retaliation ( www. eeoc. gov.) Another law to mention that helped many minorities especially African Americans is Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action is a set of procedures designed to eliminate unlawful discrimination between applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future. Applicants may be seeking admission to an education program or looking for professional employment (Legal Information Institute, 2014). Within these laws no person shall be turned down or turn away due to the color of their skin, gender, religious background, and etc. These laws have provided different races to choose our country to reside in maybe because of these laws, but many people have gotten better employment, able to attend colleges, and etc. Conclusion As long as we are the United States, there will be many different cultures and people in this country. This is what makes our country unique because we accept and enjoy people from different countries making the United States their home for the time being or permanent. However, with opening our doors to different people, also brings their culture with them. Now are we suppose to let them do whatever they want because their past country was acceptance of the practice, â€Å"No†, but this also does not mean we will not try to compromise with the practice by suggesting other methods or working out a solution to assist in resolving the issue. Last but not least, our country needs to make laws to embrace other cultural beliefs by exploring other options if not acceptance by our law in this country. Until then, cultural difference, practice, or religious belief will need to be taken into court, where the courts can make decision on what is acceptable by our law. How to cite Cultural Considerations, Papers

Retail management of Woolmart’s Business †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Retail management of Woolmarts Business. Answer: Product Woolworths is the leading retailer store in Chadstone shopping centre in Melbourne. The company provides all sorts of grocery items as part of its marketing mix (Andrew, 2011). Some of the grocery products comprise of fruits, vegetables, meat, packed products among others. The company has also started selling stationary items, DVDs, and magazines. In each category, Woolworth allows its customers to have large variety of choice relating to local produce, brand, and international cuisine. This means its management values customer satisfaction as one of the key factors of maintaining good performance of the business. To ensure continuous customer loyalty and satisfaction, the management ensures its products are tested and approved by experts to maintain good quality. The company has diversified range of products ranging from furniture, bags, housewares, beddings to clothing and accessories (Stanton, 2012). The diversified range of products has assisted its management for to cater the all-around needs of the consumers because it enables them to have all they need under one roof. Price Woolworth has been trying to maintain similar or slightly higher prices than its competitors. Having learnt that, it offers a wide variety of premium brands in food chain as one of the strategies to keep the prices competitive in the market. The company uses various pricing strategies to ensure it serves people of different levels of income (George, 2013). The company also uses other unique tactics to ensure its pricing strategy attracts as many customers as possible. For example, frequent club is a reward program which provides $20 vouchers for every 200 points gathered. The customers are also provided with Woolworths shopping cards which automatically track various aspects like purchases, meaning its customers do not need to retain paper receipts. Recently, Woolworth has introduced a new pricing strategy known as round numbers. Although various people including retail experts have criticized this strategy, Woolworth believes it certainly makes it easier for its customers to identify prices, and also creates references prices (Louis, 2011). The strategy was aimed at moving more than 20,000 of its products to round dollars and no cents. The company believes this pricing strategy provides customers with simpler price points to assist them in adding the cost of weekly shopping and in managing weekly budgets easily. Promotion Promotion is always of keen prominence for this company (Louis, 2011). Recently, its management has been using it to attain some of its business goals. The company offers different loyalty schemes which comprise of petrol pump discounts to its consumers as one way of keeping long term relationships with them. Woolworth uses various media including magazines, newsletters and social media for efficient promotion. Woolworth gives extensive deals and offers including gift cards to its customers as one way of making its customers realize why they should be associated with the company. Having realised that most of its customers are in one or more social media platforms, the company carry extensive promotion through the online media (Dee, 2011). The strategies of promotion correspond to every mean which this company uses to communicate the values and benefits of its products. Although this company has tried to incorporate promotion in its marketing mix, it is yet to use it effectively to assist it in maintaining as many customers as possible (Ene, 2014). The company should incorporate as many promotional tools as possible in order to attain its targets. Some of these tools should include advertising with several channels, sales promotions among others. Location This shopping store is located in Chadstone shopping centre in Melbourne (Kaifi, 2012). The company has also realised that with the current technological advancements and the desire for every person to me digitized, its business can thrive online and therefore its management has considered operating through different online platform. Alongside operating on these platform, the company has recently development a mobile app for the purchases to continue making itself more available to its consumers. Just like other big firms, Woolworth has realized the importance of using social media platforms to stay relevant to the lives of its customers around Chadstone shopping centre and in other parts of the country. To become widely known and available to most customers, the company has made itself available to different social media platforms. Like for example, it has a very popular Facebook page with more than 800000 followers (Gupta, 2011). The company is also available through various other platforms like Pinterest, Instagram, YouTube, twitter, among others. The kind of feedback which its consumers provide through these social media platforms helps its management to determine the kind of experience with they have with its brands. Customer service and selling Woolworth serves more than 18 million customers every week (Louis, 2011). Its Customers are one of the most important assets because they play a significant role in the performance and existence of the company. Its customers comprises of people of different age groups, gender, and social class. To ensure its customers maintain loyalty with the company, Woolworth ensures its products are of good quality and customer satisfaction is valued in everything the company does. The company has various strategic objectives aimed at improving customer experience. For example, it aims at being a customer centric business. With this objective, it has been trying to define who its future customers are and what can be done to ensure their needs are addressed (Louis, 2011). The company has defined business-wide view of the Woolworths customer, which is based on customers mind-set, and their wants and needs as informed by lifestyle segments. The company also has various strategies to build and maintain strong customer relations. For example, it uses its WRewards programme to ensure its customers have the best experience than the one they can have from its competitors (Gupta, 2011). This programme has remained Woolworths key strategy to increase the lifetime value for its consumers. The program enables the company to reward loyal customers and gather information to further understand the needs of its clients and align them with its total customer proposition. In Woolworth, offering real value goes beyond offering its consumers with quality at a reasonable price. Woolworth always puts the customer first because it believes they are the reason the company is in business (Dee, 2011). Its management values customer feedback regarding their experience and views regarding what the company does best, and what should be changed to improve their satisfaction. Although this company tries to maintain its relationship with customers, competition makes it to experience challenges in maintaining its market share. Store layout and design One of the recent aims of Woolworth is to ensure its stores meets the needs of its consumers (Kaifi, 2012). The store front is well painted with the store name well displayed to create good impression to the customer. The entrance door is big enough to allow free movement. The windows are designed in a manner which can make the customers to view products from a distance. The store has enough parking space located at the rooftop and around the store. Although the store has large exit door, there are no enough emergency exits. Having as many emergency doors is important because they assist the customers and staff to escape easily when an emergency occurs. Considering the large number of customers who show up in this store per day, the walks around the store are not big enough to allow free movement of customers and trolleys. The front side of the store is uniquely designed with colours which all Woolworth store use in their buildings. For better customer experience, the company has considered placing enough spaces between the shelves to ensure the customers can spot their desired products from a distance (Gummesson, 2012). The stores are also deigned with considering security features like several emergency exit doors and CCTV cameras to monitors all activities around the premises. Although the store is fitted with air conditioning gadgets, the windows are not enough to allow free circulation of air. The stores are cleaned from time to time to ensure the customers experiences high level of hygiene while shopping (Gummesson, 2012). The interior area of the store has various shelves with products arranged according to their category. The shelves also have price tags which enable the customers to know the cost of each product. The floors are tiled and walls painted with attracting colours. Although the floors looks attractive, they are too slippery and can make the customers to slide and fall down while moving around the store. The store personnel in the store are not enough to serve the large number of customers. The escalators available in the store are also not enough considering the fact that Woolworth is among the leading retail stores in Chadstone and therefore it experiences large number of consumers. Merchandise Woolworth places various commodities in its stores to allow the customers have a wide range of selection and its aim of making all products under one roof to become a reality. The company places its products in a manner that can aid in making the consumers to have the best experience (Arun, 2015). The products are organized according to their category to assist the consumers to access them without difficulties. The use of tags placed at strategic points where customers can see them has also assisted its clients to have easy access products around the stores. Placing a wide range of commodities allows the company to realize high customer turnout because consumers like obtaining products from places where they can get all what they need without wasting time (Ene, 2014). The manner in which the company presents its products in its stores has also promoted its sales because it brings some sense of attraction to the consumers. Review and analysis ofyour Woolworthsbusiness environment Business environment Woolworth operates retail industry and competes for market share with several other stores and small business (Trevor, 2010). Operating in this industry has made the company to attain a significance level of dominance position in the Australian retail industry. The primary reason that leads to highly efficient position is because of the business strategies utilized by the company. Some examples of these strategies comprise of extending leadership in all segments, maintaining good track record of growing business and looking for higher overall future growth of the company among others. In Melborne, the bargaining power of buyers is significantly high because there is there are various big supermarkets as well as retail stores that provide similar products as those that Woolworth deal with (Margetts, 2011). The fact that consumers have wider option to select from, they choose where to shop from based on various factors like prices, the quality of products, company-customer relationship among others. Shifting from one company to the other makes companies like Woolworth to attain a significant market share. The company competes with not only big supermarkets and stores, but also with other small enterprises in Chadstone shopping centre and others outside Melbourne because customers seek to shop where they get satisfaction irrespective of the distance. Some of the big stores and supermarkets which compete with Woolworth like Asda, Wesfarmers, Coles supermarket among others, have been trying their best to ensure they dominate the largest market share (Ertekin, 2015). Competition has been one of the major challenges that impact Woolworth from realizing high sales volume. The stiff competition in the retail industry makes Woolworth to continuously establish strategies which can make it to maintain customer loyalty Target market and consumer buying behaviour Woolworths current target market is the high income earners and the LSM (living standard measure) group 8 to 10. The company also have plans to target the low LSM groups as well as the growing black middle class because they expect them to have high demand for purchasing food and clothes from stores (Garg, 2016). The fact that Woolworth deals with most of the basic commodities, it should not only target the high income earners because all people require these commodities irrespective of their level of income. Although some of its customers are loyal, others shift from one organization to the other because of various factors (Katole, 2012). Some of these factors include change of residence, promotions and discounts from competitors, changes of pricing strategies, desire to have new experience among others. Other factors like economic condition and accessibility also makes the consumers to change their buying behaviour from time to time. Emerging trades In Chadstone shopping centre, very many firms including large and small business enterprises compete. This means the nature in which business is done changes from time to time. The fact that every firms wants to implement the best strategies to ensure they satisfy their customers, will make the industry to continue changing from time to time (Chowdhury, 2013). The frequent changes of consumer behaviour has also had a significant influence in the manner in which businesses are done. As time goes on, each companies wants to incorporate new strategies to ensure their customers feel valued and their needs are catered for. The continuous emergence of new technologies has also impacted the manner in which businesses are operated in the Melbourne retail industry (Hadjicharalambous, 2013). When some firm adopts new technology before its rivalries, the scope of business changes because that technology makes the firms to realize benefits which others do not. Challenges and opportunities The retail industry in Australia indicates a positive growth potential and other factors such as computerisation, advancements supply chain and consumer lifestyle changes have all impacted the abilities of retailers and given good opportunities to grow (David, 2010). The company has the opportunity of embracing this option through adapting the strategy of multi-option retailing in order to address the changing needs of its consumers. One of the major challenges which Woolworth faces is the ever increasing pressure from its competitors (Hunter, 2013). Apart from Coles which is the main competitor, Woolworth competes with other companies as well as small businesses which offer similar products. Apart from competition, Woolworth growth is being impacted by government interventions. The ever increasing changes of consumer behaviour is also a challenge affecting Woolworth because it must adjust its strategies from time to time to address those changes. Current retail strategy mix and positioning From its marketing mix, Woolworth tries to portray itself as a premier enterprise that is focused in ensuring customer satisfaction. Woolworth also portrays itself as the only organization that minds the prices that their consumers spend on their products. The company offers discounts and uses pricing strategies which it feels will be friendly to its customers (Louis, 2011). The problem with this strategy is that its competitors are also using the same to present themselves as cost friendly to the consumers. The nature of its store layout and presentation makes the consumers to have the notion that Woolworth is the best place to shop. The colouring and the nature in which the products are presented in the stores gives the customers the desire to experience more with the company. Its large stores and high stock level gives its consumers the belief that Woolworth is a premier organization (Hadjicharalambous, 2013). The issues with its store layout and presentations is that there are various issues which can make the consumers feel the company does not concerned with some aspects. For examples, failure to have several exit doors may make the customer feel insecure while shopping. Although Woolworth positions itself as a premier retail store in Chadstone shopping centre, some consumers do not have an experience with it because of location issues (David, 2010). To become well known and allow many consumers to experience its services, the management should consider expanding to as many places as possible. The location challenges makes some consumers especially those who live far away from where the stores are located know about the company by name but fail to have shopping experience with it. Recommendations Although Woolworth has been doing well in its business, there are various challenges that impact it from attaining its objectives (Katole, 2012). One of these challenges is stiff competition which comes from both large and small businesses. To address the issue of competition, the management should come up with good marketing strategies. These should comprise of proper market segmentation, right customer targeting, among others. The company should also identify who are its consumers and identify their needs and expectations. This would assist the management to make its decisions based on customer expectations in order to ensure they lead to satisfaction. It is also advisable for the marketing team to identify who are its core competitors, the strategies they use to challenge Woolworth and what the company can do to surpass those strategies (David, 2010). These could be things to do with pricing, product qualities, and promotions among others. To address competition, the management should consider coming up with strategies that can improve customer satisfaction. This can be through ensuring the goods sold are of high quality and the prices are relatively friendly. Expanding to as many places as possible is advisable for Woolworth so as to allow many consumers to have shopping experience with the company (Garg, 2016). Expanding to as many places as possible will also attract customers who seek their basic products from alternative companies to purchase products from Woolworth stores. The management should also come up with unique pricing strategies to make the customers feel the difference between buying their basic commodities from other stores and purchasing the same from Woolworth. References Andrew, H. F. (2011). The Definitive Handbook of Business Continuity Management. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Arun, H. (2015). Case Study: Consumer's Perception towards Private Label Brands in Retail Stores. Advances in Management, 8(1), 56-96. Dee, M. (2011). National Competition Policy and the Retail Sector. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 67. Ene, S. B. (2014). A Study on Corporate Image, Customer Satisfaction and Brand Loyalty in the Context of Retail Stores. Asian Social Science, 10(14), 89-105. George, T. K. (2013). The AMA Dictionary of Business and Management. New York: AMACOM. Gummesson, E. (2012). Total Relationship Marketing. London: Routledge. Gupta, M. S. (2011). Consideration of Sources of Information as Selection Criteria in Mutual Fund Purchase: A Comparative Study of Retail and Non-Retail Investors. IUP Journal of Applied Finance, 17(1), 589-612. Kaifi, B. S. (2012). Strategic Leadership Applied to Retail Management: Joe Contrucci Discusses the 21st Century Dynamic Organization. 17(4), 85-102. Louis, D. C. (2011). Image and Personality: Two Complementary Tools to Position and Differentiate Retailers. International Management Review, 7(1), 12-65. Stanton, T. (2012). Why Some Firms Thrive While Others Fail: Governance and Management Lessons from the Crisis. New York: Oxford University Press. Chowdhury, P. P. (2013). Key Strategies and Issues of Positioning: A Review of Past Studies. American Academic Scholarly Research Journal, 5(1), 56-68. David, D. (2010). The Little Book of Australia. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen Unwin. Ertekin, S. L. (2015). Navigating the Retail Environment: An Exploratory Investigation of In-Store Mapping Applications. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 19(2), 54-60. Garg, S. K. (2016). Direct and Indirect Effects of Marketing Mix Elements on Satisfaction. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal,, 20(1), 201-212. Hadjicharalambous, C. (2013). A Unified Framework for Evaluating Brand Alliances and Cobranding Strategies: Implications and Future Directions. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 17(2), 89-103. Hunter, M. (2013). A Short History of Business and Entrepreneurial Evolution during the 20th Century: Trends for the New Millennium. Geopolitics, History and International Relations, 5(1), 78-95. Katole, H. (2012). Evaluation of Retailers' vs Customers' Views on the Usage of Advertising as Communication Tool. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(6), 98-113. Louis, D. C. (2011). Image and Personality: Two Complementary Tools to Position and Differentiate Retailers. International Management Review, 7(1), 12-25. Margetts, D. (2011). National Competition Policy and the Retail Sector. Journal of Australian Political Economy,(67), 627-687. Trevor, S. (2010). Six Months of Panic: How the Global Financial Crisis Hit Australia. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen Unwin.

Financial Dependence Of Commonwealth States †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Dependence Of Commonwealth States. Answer: Introduction: The present case is based on the federal system of Australia and the dependency of the States relating to the financial matters on the Commonwealth[1]. An attempt has been made to understand the fact that whether there is any threat cropped up regarding the financial dependency to the State autonomy of Australia. It has been observed that the political structure of Australia is federal in nature[2]. Through this report, an attempt has been made to find out the federal structure in details and impacts of the federal imbalance regarding the legal and fiscal matter. Discussion: Federalism meaning: The base of the federal system is stand on the compound mode of government where there is a mixed system of government[3]. The powers are divided into two separate divisions, one is the central government and the second is provincial government. The word federalism derives its origin from the Latin word foedus that means treaty or covenant. In the provinces of Australia, the federal system has been observed and the system was adopted in the year 1901[4]. The main reason behind the federal government is to divide the power of the government to avoid the arbitrariness to secure the interest of the individual as a whole[5]. However, there are certain weak points observed in the federal system of Australia that has been chalked out by many critiques that are as follows: It has been stated by many critiques that the federal system boosts the inequality system in the provinces of Australia and the people of Australia are facing serious problem in the border areas[6]. It has also been stated that due to the federal system, the Australians are become more entrusted to the bureaucracy and the infrastructure development are lagging behind day by day. The local government are facing certain weakness and the officials of the government become disappointed regarding the performance of the government. The public service cost of the government is exaggerated and the arena of service becomes over lapped[7]. Theories of federalism: There are certain specific theories present to define the federal structure of a country. The theories can be categorised as follows: Ideational theories: this type of theory derives from the ideological commitment and the main objective of the theory is to centralise the idea of society regarding federalism[8]. Cultural-historical theory: According to this theory, the federal structure of the government will be imposed on the society by maintaining an assimilation of cultural and ethnical process. This helps to lead towards a fragmented population. Social contract theory: The supporters of this theory are believed the fact that through federal system, integrity and equality can be established in the society of Australia. The main objective of the theory is to impose certain power on both the commonwealth and the provincial government so that any of them can supersede the other by using their dominating character. Infrastructural power theory: This theory highlighted the infrastructural system and it intends to develop the base of the governmental structure. The infrastructures can be based on constitution or the nature of the infrastructure can be parliamentary. Fiscal federalism: Fiscal federalism is related to the monetary element of the administration in addition to it denotes the relation between the various governments of the federal system[9]. The main essential of a federal government is the separation of powers between the central government and other provincial governments. Richard Musgrave was coined the term of fiscal federalism in the year 1959 to maintain a financial discipline among the governments[10]. Under the theory of fiscal federalism, it has been presumed that the present difficulty relating to the finance facing by the government can be resolved by this system and the resources can be allocated effectively. It has been stated by Richard Musgrave that in case of useful allotment of reserve, intrusion by the central and state government is required. The government should be liable for the economic stabilisation. There are certain positive characters present in this system and that can be categorised as follows: It has been stated by the supporter of this system that the differences in between the provincial and the central government should be considered and an attempt will be adopted to settle the dispute amicably[11]. The most serious problem that Australia is facing today is related to the planning cost and administrative cost. Fiscal federalism attempts to resolve the problem. Apart from all the advantages of the fiscal federalism, there are certain disadvantages too. One of the main problems in the case is that there is laxity regarding the unavailability of eligible staff[12]. Fiscal federalism provided certain independence to the local government. The fiscal system is based on the relationship exists between various steps of the government. Therefore, it can be stated that the term denotes the relationship between the levels of government[13]. Imbalance regarding the fiscal federalism: It is important to make a balance between the fiscal and legal federal system. However, in certain circumstances, imbalance regarding the fiscal system has been observed. The main reason for the imbalance cropped up if revenue earnings and expenses are not matched. The fiscal federalism can be of two kinds: vertical imbalance and horizontal imbalance. The inequity relating to the fiscal federalism based on the levels of the government. When disparity observed regarding two diverse levels of government, it regarded as vertical imbalance and when imbalance has been observed in the same level of government, it is known as horizontal imbalance. The equalisation transfers are regulated by horizontal imbalance and the structural issues are regulated by the vertical imbalance. It is required to reassign all the revenue and expenditure responsibilities by the government in general so that the same can be corrected in a systematic way. The main reason behind the horizontal imbalance is the ne t fiscal benefits. It includes the tier of taxation and the services that are public in nature. The term fiscal federalism is based on the understanding that is engraved within the decentralised levels of government. Fiscal federalism consists of the study that denotes the competency level regarding the expenditure and the revenue sides of administration. It is to be stated that fiscal federalism will be identified the different layers of the government system. It has been observed by many researchers that the system can be observed in case of every types of governmental associates. It can be seen if the nature of the government is unitary or non-federal. A relationship between vertical and horizontal federalism is required under the system and if it is not possible, the same can be give birth to fiscal imbalance. Impacts of the imbalance: The practice concerning the fiscal system is based on the economical circumstance of the states. It intends to make a relation between the levels of the government and therefore, it is the ultimo regarding the creation of balance between two important features of the country, that are the expenditure and the revenue income. It is to be taken into consideration that the system allows a systematic approach regarding the variation of economic policies of the state. The nature of the fiscal policies cannot be measured and it is also impossible to understand the effectiveness of the system. Therefore, it is important to look over the issues that are find out by certain case studies regarding the same topic and the application of all the studies will depict the impacts of the fiscal system where there is an imbalance occurred. The common rule regarding the fiscal policy is that the fiscal councils are directed by the fiscal policy rules and there are certain rules mentioned under the Australian federal system. In the light of emerging economies, it is important to make a link in between the rules and performance of the fiscal system. The process of regression approach approves all the related consideration regarding the other determinants of the main balance, such as the output gap and the level of the public liability. The potential collision of fiscal councils is tested via binary numbers identifying observations related with a fiscal council in general or with a council that exhibits only certain description. For fiscal rules, an index building on the dataset compiled by Schechter is used. By contrast, the superior chief balances are to be connected with fiscal councils featuring firm characteristics. It is to be noted that fiscal councils generally merge several of features. Simple deterioration analys is does not recognize sufficient conditions for effectiveness. The following can be taken into consideration that the task of monitoring conformity with fiscal rules is unlikely to be sufficient to brunt fiscal performance if it is not paired independently and a presence in the public debate. Financial dependency of States: It is a fact that federal system of Australia does not work adequately in managing transformed needs in Australian community. The Australian Constitution recognized a federal state where powers were to be divided by national or Commonwealth government and six associate states and in this case, the rules of Great Britain are followed up as Australia was the former British colony. It has been observed that the parliamentarylaws are protected by the rules derived their origin from England. However, the powers are divided within the states. It is required that the Australian Government optimised different character to work on regarding the state legislation and theAustralian law Founders are required to look after as many state powers as achievable, as they supposed that this was the only form of government that can be accepted by supporters. It has been observed that more or less all the states is concerned over the probable loss of colonial uniqueness in a large, unidentified union. Th e Founders of legislations wish to conserve certain state occurrences that can be seen in a quantity of spaces, including: The organization of the governing body, seen by the law-makers as the residence where the states continuation was predictable in the national assemblymany of the Founders chosen the name states Assembly or states House, to make the place of the nationalized upper house in the federal system perfect. The fact that the national Parliaments powers are particular in the statute, with the residue belongs to the states. According to section 96 of the Constitution, it has been stated that modification is required in Australian federalism and that have derived from the stop working of the Finance provinces especially Chapter IV of the Constitution. This chapter has thrown light on the financial power and an attempt has been made to convert the system centrally. After certain times of Federation, the Commonwealth was finding the financial appointments exasperating, due to the need to make without former notice huge expenditures of its own in such areas as resistance, public works and social services. The states were powerless to defy. As early as 1902, the Commonwealth Attorney-General, Alfred Deakin, had coined his declaration that the states were legally free, but financially bound to the chariot wheels of Central Government. By the end of the first decade, when sections 87 that states about the payment of customs and excise takings to the states and 94 that states about the distribution of excess Co mmonwealth funds to the states had been allowed to fall into desertion, the pattern of Commonwealth financial dominance and relative state scarcity had been established. The provision regarding section 96 was begun to use invariably since 1910 and the Commonwealth had taken a key step. Besides this, Western Australia and Tasmania were still unable to tackle, and within two years, extra payments were being made to these states. As a result, all states were soon based upon s. 96 grants to help them meet their financial needs, a reliance that has, in fact, incremented in the years since. In the year 1928, the Commonwealth had also made the states to recognize the newly created Loan Council, that controlled all government lending, both Commonwealth and State. Both the expansions further destabilized the legitimate provisions. The provision regarding the income tax authorities has been featured by the section and the commonwealth is used the same utilise the same provision. The Australians have been preliminary to forfeit the tax for both the commonwealth and states since 1942. However, difficulties occurred when the disparity takes place regarding the commonwealth and state taxes that means that there were diverse rates of income tax around the nation. In 1999, the Howard Coalition Government has legislated certain provisions regarding the fulfilment of the common-purpose transferred funds to be the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Since then there has been a law-making obligation that Commonwealth Grants Commission monies must be disseminated according to the philosophy of horizontal fiscal equalisation. It has been observed that the states under the provinces of Australia are very much depended on the commonwealth as the coordination is being continuing to keep the concern of the states safe. Potential threat to the State autonomy: In the year 1901 the provinces of Australia recognised as federal State and it was assumed that if it is hard for the Commonwealth government to do all the governmental activities properly, it may divide the works with the state government. It is the rule regarding the federal government that powers will be divided among the states and it should be the duty of the Commonwealth government to assist the states so that the people are not compelled to attach with the baptised state. It is to be kept in mind that the commonwealth have the power to regulate the activities of only those states that are within the sphere of it. In the year 1942 the commonwealth government has, the power to merge up all the conducts and expunge the same as per section 90 of the Income tax related law. Even the High Court has construed the term expurgate roughly so that it becomes unfeasible to the states to enforce any kind of sales duty. Each provisions of the income tax Act bears the importance regarding the separate importance. For instance, it can be stated that the main objective of the Goods and Services Tax is to determine problems raised by the incapability of the states to hoist sales taxes. The main concern regarding the same is that the Commonwealth congregate this tax and have certain power to allocate it. As the Commonwealth power over income tax is not constitutional but parliamentary, there is a chance to restore the income tax authority to the states. The original biased question concerning Australian federalism is that the government has become dysfunctional and unable to put off much growth of authority by the Commonwealth government. The modern correspondent is that a political categorization founded on realm turns the normal people into noble and subjects. The Commonwealth government clutches successful authority in the provinces of Australia including an exclusive control over the finances. The states must behave positively if they are expecting to receive the funds required by them from the Commonwealth. The states of Australia started to think that they are depending on the commonwealth and forget to think themselves as self-determined entity. They started to avoid accountability with active perception and never upheld the topic regarding the monetary submission from the commonwealth. The Commonwealth uses its monetary control to impress such things as the national school curriculum, in spite of what the states desired. It is a fact that without financial independence, respect cannot be earned. For persons it means useful employment as against welfare dependency and for political entities, the meaning of the same can be regarded as the capacity to execute sovereign judgement and it is important than subservience that would render to another political unit. Therefore, it can be stated that the states are turn into more depended on the commonwealth as its powers are increasing day today and therefore, the rules made out by the High Court regarding the commonwealth structure can be harmed a lot. Commonwealth legislative power: It has been observed that Broadcasting Services Act has provided certain constitutional base under schedule 5 and 7 and concentrates on the mobile contents. It was held by the drafting committee that the it is important that the states exercise their power regarding the implementation of the legislative powers. In this case, it is necessary to inform Commonwealth under s 51(xxxvii) of theAustralian Constitution. The provision under section 51(xxxvii) of theAustralian Constitutionprovides certain Parliamentary action to constitute and amend laws along with matters that has been referred to the Parliament by the assembly of any state. The states have referred matters to the Commonwealth regarding the issues relating to corporations law and counter-terrorism. A state power is suggested to swathe up the matters relating to the manoeuvre of new Commonwealth categorization to the extent that the matter is not otherwise included in the legislative powers of the Parliament of the Australia. Where the authority to legislate is held simultaneously by both the Commonwealth and the states would rely, enquiry involving changeability of legislations may arise. An offer has been made under Section 109 of the constitution that when a law of a State is conflicting with a law of the Commonwealth, the latter shall conquest, and the former shall to the extent of the inconsistency, be invalid. Therefore, it can be stated that many states have simultaneously cataloguing powers in respect to pamphlet, films and games are also covered by the CommonwealthClassification Act. Therefore, it can be stated that the Constitution provides numerous powers to the Commonwealth and helps the commonwealth to augment the powers and provisions concerning many decisions. Conclusion Therefore, it can be stated that the federal system of government helps Australia to face certain things regarding the every layers of administration. It has been stated by the researchers of the federal system that the provincial governments of the Australia are, fir certain reasons become dependent on the commonwealth system. The report has been stated certain reasons that can be regarded as a threat to the government regarding the dependency. The legislative power of the commonwealth is also to be taken into consideration. References Hueglin, Thomas O., and Alan Fenna.Comparative federalism: A systematic inquiry. University of Toronto Press, 2015. Macpherson, Andrew J. "Do the Microbiota Influence Vaccines and Protective Immunity to Pathogens? 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