College Is Worth It - 1139 Words

There is quantitative data on both sides of the debate about whether or not college is worth it, but it’s hard to measure some of the pros of a college education in numbers. Most agree, however, that college enriches people’s life in some way that isn’t just financial. Through encountering different perspective and getting a liberal arts education, people become better citizens of the world. Or so the argument goes. In his essay, Colleges Prepare People for Life, Freeman Hrabowski argues that everyone should attend college, not just for the financial benefits down the line, but to enrich their worldview and prepare them to become better citizens in the real world . While I agree with his view that college is one path to becoming a†¦show more content†¦They were never taught in a classroom to be tolerant, empathetic, and to give back to the community. Instead their education working with their hands in the real world among people of all different stripes and colors made them the people they are today. For example, my aunt married young and never got a chance to go to college. But through her work selling cosmetics from door to door, she has acquired incredible ‘people skills’ and a degree of open-mindedness that continues to amaze me. Nothing phases her— she’s met all types of people with all types of backgrounds and all types of reasons they ended up where they were. Once, she told me that if she got hung up on every small slight or difference in opinion, she would never get her job done. But that doesn’t make her apathetic or passive. She is well-known in her community as a bright, outgoing personality--a reliable person you can always talk to. I have watched her settle arguments, coordinate changes in living situations, and empower women to make better health choices, like some kind of social-worker-psychotherapist-marriage-counselor-superwoman. Without a college education, she gained all the sk ills and wisdom she needed through her experiences to make her community happier and healthier. Moreover, this view that college graduates are somehow better than the less educated is harmful. An increasingShow MoreRelatedIs College Worth A College?1254 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the USA college tuition has increased drastically; in the last five years Georgia colleges have had 75% increase along with other states such as Arizona whose tuition has increased by 77% (NPR). Since 2006 the tuition in Utah has increased by 62.8% and is rising throughout the U.S. (Desert News). Between 1885-2016 the price of college has increased between 2.1% to 4.3% per year beyond inflation (CollegeBoard). Through calculations, that equates to about a hundred precent increase sinceRead MoreIs College Worth It?857 Words   |  4 PagesIs college worth it, many ask and a lot of them wonder. This controversial topic has a lot of arguments and still no fix answer to it. Some people might find college to be not worth it as most people find it useless after graduation as said by TOM BACHTELL on a college graduation â€Å" diploma—need not be a statistics major to know that the odds of stepping into a satisfying job, or, indeed, any job, are lower now than might have been imagined four long years ago†. But in my opinion I would say thatRead MoreCollege Is Worth It?852 Words   |  4 Pages College is a place where students learn what they want to be when they graduate and they use that knowledge they obtained from college to fulfill their dream by what they have studied, so hard for in college. Some people ask, â€Å"Is College worth it?† and the answer to that question is, â€Å"Yes.† A lot of people continue to disagree with that answer, but when it’s all said and done: college is worth it. That is why, there is still students that enroll into a 4-year college or a community college becauseRead MoreCollege Is It Worth It?1317 Words   |  6 PagesCollege, is it Worth it? Is college really worth the time and money? This is the question I am going to be exploring. While many people may have an idea that college is just an abundance of debt, other students argue that most of the information they learn doesn’t provide them with the value they thought it would (Adams 1). Many college students who grow up with the opportunity to go to college usually don’t stress the idea of going to school, but most students who don’t have the opportunity toRead MoreIs College Worth It?923 Words   |  4 PagesThe question here is, is college worth it? Many people question this especially high school students who are about to graduate. This debate is still taking place today. The common misunderstood saying is, if you have a degree you will then have a good job. But this is not the case because in today’s society there are so many people with degrees who still cannot find a job. The rate of unemployment is increasing rapidly on a yearly basi s. High school students see it this way, if I can’t find a jobRead MoreCollege Worth?1116 Words   |  5 PagesIs College Worth It? College is a place for higher education. Many people go there for further study every year. Meanwhile, plenty of people skip college or drop out of college. Sort of people believe college is not worth because it cost too much. Most people think college is worth because you will able to get a good job when you holding a degree. Yes, because being a college graduate can help you gain more than the money you spent to pay for college. College is worth it because you will haveRead MoreCollege Is Not Worth It?1139 Words   |  5 PagesIn the debate about whether college is worth attending, many argue that college is worth it but others argue that college is not worth it. Those who argue that college is worth it contend to say that college graduates make more money, college allows students to explore career options, and not going to college will cost people more money in the future but on the other hand, those who argue that college is not worth it contend to say that college graduates are employed in jobs that do not require degreesRead MoreIs College Worth It?1177 Words   |  5 PagesStatistics Say Yes To College If you walked across the stage at your high school graduation ceremony you probably were confronted by the options of college, military service, work force, etc. If you decide college is the place to go, then questions start to arise, how am I going to pay for college, where should I go, what do I want to study. Is college is a voluntary place to further your education or is it mandatory to achieve a decent paying job? College has now become something that everyoneRead MoreIs College Worth It?972 Words   |  4 PagesIs College Worth It? In recent discussions of Is College Worth It? By John Green, a controversial issue has been whether, people should attend college or get a job after they finish high school. On the one hand, some argue that people can get a monthly income better than if they have a degree. From this perspective, some people they do not want to attend college. On the other hand, however, others insist that people should attend college after they finish high school. In the words of John Green,Read MoreIs College Worth It?1073 Words   |  5 PagesIs College Worth It? Is college worth it? This one question turns into this debate high school seniors begin to think about before graduating. In our society you cannot really say no to college education because many make it known as a necessity to be successful in life. Many of our parents have raised us to know that college is a must go and that there are no failures. However some may think different. A lot of people may think that not setting a foot in a university or community college does

Benefits And Negative Effects Of Fiber - 1371 Words

Effects of Fiber Sara Brann, Monica Martinez, Jihaan Garrett, Mary Watters, and Amanda Turcotte UMFK/UMA NUR 230 Fiber, with its chief contribution being to support healthy bowel movements, is known as a dietary necessity. Focusing on the benefits and negative effects, fiber is a unique substance that humans consume in various amounts on a daily basis (Harvard Health Publications, 2015). As with other substances too much may be harmful and too little could be detrimental. If a healthy diet must maintain a certain amount of fiber to aid in bodily functions, there must be an unhealthy amount of fiber at both ends of the quantity scale. As the nutrition movement remains underway we see many conflicting and controversial information with regard to various nutrients. What is claimed to be beneficial to our health one day can often be counter claimed later by a different group examining the health evidence stating an opposite effect, or claims to have no benefit at all. With regard to fiber, a substandard amount versus an appropriate quantity has numerous effects on the health of an individual. Approximately 80% of Americans do not get the proper amount of daily fiber (Dietary Fiber Has Benefits Beyond Regularity, 2013). The majority of fiber is reasonably preferred to be acquired from fruits, veggies, and grains. Examples of high fiber foods include: beans, split peas, artichoke hearts, pears, raspberries, blackberries, sweet potato, prunes, figs, apple,Show MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Illegal?1436 Words   |  6 PagesStates. You would think marijuana was illegal because of some harmful effects but that s where you re wrong. The reasons why Marijuana was made illegal were because the the public were never informed about the real uses of Marijuana. Marijuana also known as Hemp is often used as source to make materials such as paper. Before 1883 about seventy-five to ninety percent of the world s paper was manufactured from hemp bast fiber. The United States first proposed making paper from hemp pulp in the earlyRead MoreChronic Heart Failure Case Study1108 Words   |   5 Pagesneuromuscular electrical stimulation (LF-NMES) has caused a significant modulation of ergoreflex contribution with a corresponding improvement in physical, functional, emotional and psychological aspects of patient performance without causing a significant effect on ejection fraction. The study had also shown that low frequency neuromuscular stimulation is applicable in advanced stages of the disease. This is of special importance, because, for safety reasons, conventional exercise training is advised onlyRead More3 Day Food Intake1027 Words   |  5 PagesDuring my three-day food intake I learned about myself. There are many benefits of good nutrition. †Medical Online† states â€Å"besides helping you maintain a healthy weight, good nutrition is essential for the body and all its system to function optimally for a lifetime.† A healthy diet promotes good sleep, gives the body what it needs to stay healthy, and provides energy. According to â€Å"Mealtime Memo† Good nutrition means getting the calories that we need for energy and the nutrients we need for properRead More Controversy Over the Atkins Diet Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are far more negative aspects to this diet. The Atkins diet stresses that people reduce their carb ohydrate consumption and increase protein and fat consumption, which in turn can potentially lead to many physical problems for people following this diet. Some people are not fully aware of all the potential risks that come a long with following a diet such as the Atkins diet, such as problems stemming from the production of ketones. As with every diet, there are side effects, but at the same timeRead MoreVegetarians Do Not Eat Meat, And Some People Go As A Vegetarian Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesnot it is healthy for people to limit their diets to being vegetarians. Many people wonder if omitting all meat products from diets has more of a positive effect or more of a negative effect on their health. There are many different aspects of this debate some of them being amount of nutrients needed in our diets, disease preventions, and effects of hormones. There are various studies that say vegetarianism can lead to deficiencies for different nutrients that our bodies need. For example, in a vegetarianRead MoreBenefits Of The Hemp Plant And Why It Should Be Grown As An Industrial Plant1155 Words   |  5 Pages Specific Purpose: Inform audience of the personal benefits of the Hemp plant and why it should be grown as an industrial plant to replace the harmful methods that are currently being used. 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Rent Of Properties paid by international students - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Rent Of Properties paid by international students. Answer: Section 1 This assignment looks at primary and secondary data on properties, in terms of their weekly rent, dwelling type( flat/house), no of bedrooms, and bond amount paid . It covers 4 different suburbs. It reports on a variety of questions relating to these parameters. ? In dataset 1, we use primary data on the basis of interview of 5 students on their weekly rent. This sample can be biased as it uses respondents from my university campus only, so that its applicability across Australia is questionable. The sample size is also low as we use only 5 respondents. It will be inappropriate to use this small dataset to make any conclusions about the whole University. ? Dataset 2 is larger as it has 500 observations. It is secondary data on weekly rent paid, dwelling type (flat/house), no of bedrooms, and bond amount paid . It covers 4 different suburbs, and provides their post codes as well. The first 5 cases of your dataset are shown below. BondAmount WeeklyRent DwellingType NumberBedrooms Postcode Suburb $2,900 $725 Flat 3 2031 RANDWICK $2,480 $620 Flat 1 2031 RANDWICK $1,960 $490 Flat 2 2150 PARRAMATTA $2,200 $550 Flat 2 2031 RANDWICK $2,280 $570 Flat 2 2031 RANDWICK Section 2 THE following table gives a numerical summary of the data. Median mean which implies negative skewed distribution. The data is left skewed. ?The spread of data is high at a variance of 1032.5. As we can see students 5 has highest rent of $165, while student 2 has lowest rent of $90. DATASET 1 Mean 128 Standard Error 14.3701079 Median 135 Mode #N/A Standard Deviation 32.132538 Sample Variance 1032.5 Kurtosis -2.35933845 Skewness -0.19064501 Range 75 Minimum 90 Maximum 165 Sum 640 Count 5 Section 3: Using the data relating to Dwelling Type, we show that there is predominance of flats- 462/500 stay in flats. The majority students stay in Parramatta. (163/500). In Sydney no student from our sample set stays in houses. SUBURB Flat House Grand Total AUBURN 38 19 57 PARRAMATTA 151 12 163 RANDWICK 117 7 124 SYDNEY 156 156 Grand Total 462 38 500 The bar chart shows the same information in a graphical form. The predominance of flats (in blue) is clear, as is the preference for Parramatta and Sydney. ? The proportion of House as a dwelling type is 38/500 = sample proportion= p Ho: p= 0.1 H1: p 0.1 Sample proportion = 38/500 = 0.076 Test value = (0.076 0.1)/ SE where SE = (0.076 *.924 /500)^.5 = 0.0118 Test value = - 0.024/0.0118 = -2.015. Using a 5% level of significance, the critical z value is -1.645. as test value is critical value in absolute terms we conclude that we do not accept the null hypothesis. There is evidence that proportion of Houses is less than 0.1. Those who want to rent a house can use this data to see that less than 10% of existing students stay in houses. In Sydney no one stays in houses. This points to some advantages of flats, which are beyond discussion here. A simple look at this data tells us that students prefer flat by an overwhelming majority. It is advisable to stay in flats than houses as students. ? Section 4: We now consider dwellings with 2 bedrooms only, and compare the weekly rent across different suburbs with average rent as the criteria. As we can see Auburn has the lowest average rent of $393.17, while Sydney has the highest average rent of $840.74. AUBURN PARRAMATTA RANDWICK SYDNEY Average of WeeklyRent 393.17 474.16 608.28 840.74 We can examine if these differences are significant in a statistical sense using ANOVA test. In the results below we can see that the p value of the F test value is almost zero. This implies that the differences are statistically different. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Column 1 30 11795 393.1666667 2290.488506 Column 2 113 53580 474.159292 4371.831542 Column 3 79 48054 608.278481 11073.22915 Column 4 61 51285 840.7377049 14925.69672 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 6522099 3 2174032.933 261.9743312 8.1542E-81 2.63696 Within Groups 2315323 279 8298.64866 Total 8837422 282 Since we are looking at 2 bedrooms rented places only, we can advise that in terms of rents Sydney is most expensive., while Auburn is less than half of Sydney rents. Section 5: We use a scatterplot to examine the relationship between weekly Rent and Bond Amount below. It is clear that there is strong linear association between them. We have some outliers ( around 3 data points as shown. The correlation coefficient is 0.953, which is very high. It shows a strong association, and also tells us 95.3% variation in rent is explained by variation in bond amount. This suggests that a higher bond value is likely to result in higher rents. Students may choose lower bond values if they want to stay at cheaper places. Section 6 A comparison of the weekly rent paid by international students and the weekly rent of properties on the market needs more data on students. This is because both datasets are samples. Their sizes are very different 5 and 500. This is why any conclusions based on them will be incorrect and imprecise. It is suggested that that the dataset for international students be expanded to include more data points as well as more information on bond amount, suburb, bedrooms, so that both sets are comparable. References Anon., n.d. How to choose no of bins. [Online] [Accessed 12 Sep 2017]. Anon., n.d. Hypothesis Testing. [Online] Available at: https://onlinecourses.science.psu.edu/statprogram/node/138 [Accessed 8 Sep 2017]. Anon., n.d. Hypothess testing. [Online] Available at: https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/hypothesis-testing/ [Accessed 12 Sep 2017]. Anon., n.d. Mean, median, mode. [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/statistics/measuresofaveragerev6.shtml [Accessed 13 Sep 2017]. Home.iitk.ac.in, n.d. Regression analysis. [Online] Available at: SimpleLinearRegressionAnalysis.pdf" https://home.iitk.ac.in/~shalab/regression/Chapter2-Regression-SimpleLinearRegressionAnalysis.pdf [Accessed 6 Sep 2017]. Learn,bu.edu, n.d. The 5 steps in Hypothesis testing. [Online] Available at: https://learn.bu.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-826908-dt-content-rid-2073693_1/courses/13sprgmetcj702_ol/week04/metcj702_W04S01T05_fivesteps.html [Accessed 5 Sep 2017]. Rgs.org, n.d. Sampling techniques. [Online] Available athttps://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Schools/Fieldwork+and+local+learning/Fieldwork+techniques/Sampling+techniques.htm [Accessed 15 Sep 2017]. stat.ualberta.ca, n.d. What isa P value. [Online] Available at: https://www.stat.ualberta.ca/~hooper/teaching/misc/Pvalue.pdf [Accessed 9 Sep 2017].

The Shadow Lines Essay Example For Students

The Shadow Lines Essay BOOK REVIEW Novel : The Shadow Lines AUTHOR : At-nitav Ghosh Awards : winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award (1989). Bibliography : The Shadow Lines(novel), Wikipedia(lnternet). Main Characters : Mayadebi, Tridib, Ila, May, Narrator, Nick, grandmother. POLITICAL SCENE-RIO : The novel is set against the backdrop of historical events: 1 . Swadeshi movement 2. Second World War 3. Partition of Country 4. Communal riots of 1963-64 in Dhaka and Calcutta CHARACTERS ANALYSIS : The characters in this novel except that of Tridib are realistically portrayed and are not larger than life. Each one is portrayed with all the weaknesses that make them endearing. Each one is believable . But Tridib does not seem to belong to this world. He comes across as a seer, someone endowed with extra-sensory and extra- visionary abilities. 1. Narrator : The protagonist is a middle class boy who grows up in a middle class family. He is sexually attaracted to lla but he never tells her. He is very close to his grandmother and knows about her more than anyone. As a young boy he seldom gets to travel farther than his school. And yet his world spans far beyond, across continents. We will write a custom essay on The Shadow Lines specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He paints up this world, rather vividly, borrowing colours from others. He uses Tridibs eyes to view a certain family in London, their house, the streets, the panic of war. He uses his grandmothers eyes to see her life in Dhaka as a young girl, her uncle and cousins, the other side of the big house where everything was upside down. He uses his cousins eyes to view different parts of the world where she travelled, her aspirations for belonging, her heartaches caused by a reality as different from her dreams as she and her background was from those with whom she lived in those foreign lands. 2. Tridib : He was the son of Mayadebi, and so by relation he was the second uncle of Narrator. He is well-travelled but he prefers to live his life in Calcutta, where he works at a Ph. D. in archaeology. For Thamma, he is very irresponsible person who wastes his life wandering across the streets but narrator loves to listen to Trideb. He passionately believes that a place does not merely exist, that it has to be invented in ones imagination . He was killed by Muslim mobs in communal riots of 1963-64 in Dhaka. Calcutta. She is very strict, disciplined, hardworking, mentally strong and patient lady. Time is very precious for her. According to her, time is a toothbrush; it goes mouldy if it isnt used. She had been awarded a Bachelors degree in history by Dhaka University. She has a dreadful past. She was married to an engineer with the railways, in Burma. In 1935, her husband passed away. 4. Ila : She is the cousin of narrator. She lives in Stockwell, London. She is very good looking, and broad minded. She wants to be free. According to her, the constraints on women in India made their life horrible. Thats why she lived in London, so that she could do whatever she wants. She marries Nick, an Englishman, buys a home, finds a job, tries to settle down but without success. 5. May : She is the daughter of Prices family, who are relatives of Tridibs family. Tridib was in love with her. She is committed to a purposeful and principled social life. She is kind-hearted and works for society by collecting funds for famine relief in Africa, and other social services. 6. Nick : He is a good looking blonde having long hairs and wants to become a Chartered Accountant. As May says to narrator: He is different, he is not like us. He lacks the sensibility and moral values of a normal human being. He marries lla and is cheating on her as he admits sleeping with other women. Apart from all these characters, there is a fantasized character Magda, llas fantasy child whom she acknoledges when she was playing houses with the narrator. Magda is blue-eyed and blonde and has very bright and beautiful hairs. This shows that lla fantasized to marry an Englishman from her childhood. TITLE OF THE BOOK- The Shadow lines : The shadow lines that the title proclaims to be the theme of the novel are very shadowy themselves. We never get to see them as they are and there is never a ention of these lines anywhere in the novel. The interpretation of the meaning of the shadow lines is left to the reader. Now that points to an interpretation itself as the shadow lines could mean something that is insubstantial and therefore, its existence is doubtful. Another interpretation of the shadow lines could be that they are lines that change positions with the gaze or perspective. Yet another interpretation of the shadow lines could be that they are Just a pale imitation of reality. What are lines associated with? .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 , .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 .postImageUrl , .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 , .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089:hover , .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089:visited , .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089:active { border:0!important; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089:active , .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089 .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce34870d6adacf3915996e3da112d089:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Breast Cancer Treatment EssayLines could be boundaries or they could Just signify the linearity of relationships. Lines are also used to measuring and dividing length. They are also constructs created by humans and are thus, unreal. Shadow could be referring to the physical shadow that light casts when obstructed by objects. It could also mean protection or security. It could also mean an inseparable companion as a shadow always follows some object or a pale representation of the object. Together, shadow lines could mean insubstantial boundaries or boundaries humans carry everywhere . The lines are Just human constructs that have no real significance. Grandmother asking whether she would be able to see lines on the land eparating India and East Pakistan, and the narrators father saying that the boundaries start at the airports itself and grandmother trying to find the boundaries in the Dhaka airport. Even though boundaries separate them, grandmother reveals that Dhaka and Calcutta are very similar to each other. These boundaries are shown to be very flimsy and perspective oriented. The categorisation is based on the perspective of an individual. The best example from the book of this perspective- oriented classification is the way many people look at the riots that killed Tridib. For he narrators father, it was an accident, for May it was a sacrifice, for Robi it was a nightmare. An event has been shown as categorised in several ways by different people. They are correct in some way or another but for the people who classify them so, they are experienced in so varied ways and hence, the difference in the classification. Boundaries demarcate and classify. Man is inherently programmed to classify and form groups of all that he samples by his senses. These classification are generally based on adjectives that are dependent like good, bad, warm, cold, etc. Shadows are known to change shape and size with changing light positions. The light positions could be considered as the perspective of a person and the shadows as the lines that classify. Hence, the perspective determines the classification and as shadow lines demarcate them, they are unreliable. Authors way of Presenting Story : The narrator, Indian born and English educated, traces events back and forth in time, from the outbreak of World War II to the late twentieth century, through years of Bengali partition and violence, observing the ways in which political events invade private lives. Amitav Ghosh refrains from giving him a name. The novel brings into perpestive the fact that one cannot attribute absolute identities to things or events that cant be absolutely good or bad. The knack of the narrator to go to places hitherto unseen in a manner as if he had visited them before surprises us Just as it surprises Nick and Ila. The narrative is simple. It flows smoothly, back and forth between times, places and characters. The use of the first person and therefore a reflective style is very effectively used by Ghosh to say much more than the written word. PLOT SUMMARY : It is a rather straightforward story, which follows the life of a young boy growing up in Calcutta and later on in Delhi and London. His family the Datta Chaudharis and the Prices in London are linked by the friendship between their respective patriarchs Justice Dattachaudhari and Alan Tresawsen. The narrator adores Tridib because of his tremendous knowledge and his perspective of the incidents and places. Thamma thinks that Tridib is type of person who seems determined to waste his life in idle Unlike his grandmother, the narrator loves listening to Tridib. For the narrator, Tridibs lore is very different from the collection of facts and fgures. The narrator is sexually attaracted to lla but his feelings are passive. He never expresses his feelings to her afraid to lose the relation that exist between them. But one day he expresses his feelings when she was changing clothes in front of him being unaware of his feelings. She feels sorry for him. Thamma does not like lla. Why do you always speak for that whore She doesnt like her grandson to support her. Thamma has a dreadful past and wants to reunite her family and goes to Dhaka to bring back her ncle. Tridib is in love with May and sacrificed his life to rescue her from Muslim mobs in the communal riots of 1963-64 in Dhaka. CRITICAL ANALYSIS : The Shadow lines, a novel written by Amitav Ghosh. It was the second novel of him. Language, structure and spirit have coalesced to produce a work of lyrical beauty. Ghoshs prose is evocative and realist. The Shadow Lines is written effortlessly and without the baggage of magical realism. This novel is enigmatically written with a blend of fiction and non-fiction events. Ghosh completely outstands in his language, ay of writing, in different moves he took while the story was proceeding. The most difficult part of a book is to show flashback without explicitly taking off readers interest and attention from his reading flow. And narrator completely showed his supremacy in this regard. His resonant use of language completely spell bound the readers. Girish Karnad rightly said about him, Ghosh uses to great effect a matrix of multiple points of view in which memory, mythology and history freely interpenetrate A delight to read. Amitav Ghosh refrains from giving him a name. .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c , .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c .postImageUrl , .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c , .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c:hover , .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c:visited , .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c:active { border:0!important; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c:active , .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua060b01f6a4b0937886a6b07bf99960c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank EssayThe novel brings into perpestive the fact that one cannot attribute absolute identities to things or events that cant be absolutely good or bad. The narrator is a young boy growing up in Calcutta and later on in Delhi and London. As a young boy, he seldom she lived in those foreign lands. There are two parts in the novel- Gong Away and Coming Home. Going away shows the narrator who has heard about England from a cousin who lived there for sometime and his own discovery of the country when he visits it later in life. Coming Home shows his grandmother visiting her old home in Dhaka, her nostalgia and the discovery of alienation from what she had remembered before Dhaka became part of Pakistan. His grandmother is passionate for freedom. When she was young during the Swadeshi movement, she wanted to Join it and could do anything for her country. She says- I would have killed him. It was for our argues with her about lla, telling her that lla lives in London not because of the lure of money or commodities, but for freedom. Ila believes that there are lot of constraints on women in Indian culture. There are lot of decisions which women have to take because of the pressure of the society and culture. Grandmothers response to this is- It is not freedom she wants, she wants to be let alone to do as she pleases; thats all any whore would want. . She doesnt even hasitate to call her a whore. The narrator grandmothers nationalist faiths fail her because she comes to realize that borders have a tenuous existence, and that not even a history of bloodshed can make them real nad impermeable. Lines on the map are the handiwork of administrators and cartographers. In 1964, as she plans to fly to Dhaka, she wonders if she would be able to see the border between India and East-Pakistan from the lane. When her son laughs at her, she replies- Wheres the difference then? And if there is no difference, both sides will be the same; it will be Just like it used to be before . The grandmother has a typical state dominated view about nationalism,what she is unable to realize that one can be unsafe even in ones own country. Mays humanitarianism forces Tridib to stop the car and help the dog lying half-dead on the highway. That same instinct of May led Tridib to lose his life when they were caught in the communal riots of 1964 in Dhaka. She went out of the car trying to save er uncle but Tridib stops her and sacrifices his own life. Torn by her memories, May believes for a long time that she killed Tridib, only at the end, she seems to calm herself and get rid of her torturing guilt when she says- He gave himself up, it was a sacrifice. I know I cant understand, I know I mustnt try, for any real sacrifice is a mystery. . The title The Shadow lines is itself peculiar and mysterious. There is no mention of it even a single time. The shadow lines could be boundaries that humans create and which are insubstantial. The mental boundaries present in the minds of eople that limit their vision to what is visible is transcended by Tridib and the narrator by their imaginations. These mental boundaries are shown to be immaterial, as they cannot limit the sights and scenes of the world. Transcending these boundaries is shown to be a human task that broadens the horizons that one sees. This can be interpreted as a philosophical message that humans can broaden their minds Just by broadening their scope of view. It can be done by seeing things beyond the visible and the obvious, and by seeing things that are subtle and those that are idden for various reasons. The shadow lines that mark our horizons are merely shadows of the real boundaries and humans should cross it like Sita crossed the Laxman-rekha. This is one novel that can be interpreted in so many different ways in so many different perspectives. This is something that the novel seems to be emphasising. The interpretations vary form person to person, as they are dependent on the person. This is the message I see from the novel from my perspective. Of course, someone else may differ on this. This is the beauty of this novel, again from my perspective.

Queensland, Australia Geography

Queensland, Australia Geography Population: 4,516,361 (June 2010 estimate)Capital: BrisbaneBordering States: Northern Territory, South Australia, New South WalesLand Area: 668,207 square miles (1,730,648 sq km)Highest Point: Mount Bartle Frere at 5,321 feet (1,622 m)Queensland is a state located in the northeastern part of Australia. It is one of the countrys six states and it is the second largest in area behind Western Australia. Queensland is bordered by Australias Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales and has coastlines along the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean. In addition, the Tropic of Capricorn crosses through the state. The capital of Queensland is Brisbane. Queensland is most well-known for its warm climate, varying landscapes and coastline and as such, it is one of the most popular tourist areas in Australia.Most recently, Queensland has been in the news due to severe flooding that occurred in early January 2011 and late 2010. The presence of La Nià ±a is said to have been the cause of the flooding. According to CNN, the 2010 spring was Australias wettest in history. The flooding impacted hundreds of thousands of people all over the state. The central and southern parts of the state, including Brisbane, were hit the hardest.The following is a list of ten more geographic facts about Queensland:1) Queensland, like much of Australia has a long history. It is believed that the region making up the state today was originally settled by native Australians or Torres Strait Islanders between 40,000 and 65,000 years ago.2) The first Europeans to explore Queensland were Dutch, Portuguese and French navigators and in 1770, Captain James Cook explorer the region. In 1859, Queensland became a self governing colony after splitting from New South Wales and in 1901, it became an Australian state.3) For much of its history, Queensland was one of the fastest growing states in Australia. Today Queensland has a population of 4,516,361 (as of July 2010). Due to its large land area, the state has a low population density with about 6.7 people per square mile (2.6 people per square kilometer). In addition, less than 50% of Queenslands population lives in its capital and largest city, Brisbane.4) Queenslands government is part of a constitutional monarchy and as such it has a Governor who is appointed by Queen Elizabeth II. The Governor of Queensland has executive power over the state and is responsible for representing the state to the Queen. In addition the Governor appoints the Premier who serves as the head of government for the state. Queenslands legislative branch is made up of the unicameral Queensland Parliament, while the states judicial system is composed of the Supreme Court and the District Court.5) Queensland has a growing economy that is based mainly on tourism, mining and agriculture. The main agricultural products from the state are bananas, pineapples and peanuts and the processing of these as well as other fruits and vegetables make up a sizeable portion of Queenslands economy.6) Tourism is also a major part of Queenslands economy because of its cities, v aried landscapes and coastline. In addition, the 1,600 mile (2,600 km) Great Barrier Reef is located off of Queenslands coast. Other tourist destinations in the state include the Gold Coast, Fraser Island and the Sunshine Coast.7) Queensland covers an area of 668,207 square miles (1,730,648 sq km) and it part of it extends to be the northernmost part of Australia (map). This area, which also includes several islands, is about 22.5% of the total area of the Australian continent. Queensland shares land borders with the Northern Territory, New South Wales and South Australia and much of its coastline is along the Coral Sea. The state is also divided into nine different regions (map).8) Queensland has a varied topography that consists of islands, mountain ranges and coastal plains. Its largest island is Fraser Island with an area of 710 square miles (1,840 sq km). Fraser Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and it has many different ecosystems which include rainforests, mangrove forests and areas of sand dunes. East ern Queensland is mountainous as the Great Dividing Range runs through this area. The highest point in Queensland is Mount Bartle Frere at 5,321 feet (1,622 m).9) In addition to Fraser Island, Queensland has a number of other areas that are protected as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These include the Great Barrier Reef, the Wet Tropics of Queensland and the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia. Queensland also has 226 national parks and three state marine parks.10) The climate of Queensland varies throughout the state but generally inland there are hot, dry summers and mild winters, while the coastal areas have warm, temperate weather year round. The coastal regions are also the wettest areas in Queensland. The states capital and largest city, Brisbane, which is located on the coast has an average July low temperature of 50ËšF (10ËšC) and an average January high temperature of 86ËšF (30ËšC).To learn more about Queensland, visit the states official website.ReferencesMiller, Brandon. (5 January 2011). Flooding in Australia Fueled by Cyclone, La Nina. CNN. Retri eved from: http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/01/04/australia.flooding.cause/index.htmlWikipedia.org. (13 January 2011). Queensland - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QueenslandWikipedia.org. (11 January 2011). Geography of Queensland - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Queensland

49 Tips on How to Cheat at College

49 Tips on How to Cheat at College 49 Tips on How to Cheat at College Do you remember that frigging fear, when you enter your class to take a test and understand that you remember nothing on the subject? You may have missed the classes or spent a previous night out, so there wasn’t enough time to study. Or you just wanted to relax and spend your time in a better way. In all such cases, you may want to cheat to save yourself and not to worsen your grades. We have collected 49 tips on how to save you from a disastrous test and help to sleep better at night. If you think that you are the only one to cheat, relax! According to the latest study, over 60% of all the students cheat in the class. Ask a friend. This one is probably the most popular way of cheating and only requires a reliable friend, who will be willing to assist you. Provide him with all the necessary notes and make sure he has internet connection to be able to get all the information fast. You will only need to text him a message with a question and wait for an answer; Use an earpiece. If you like spy movies, you will definitely like this method. Just buy an earpiece with a Bluetooth and record lectures beforehand. You will be able to listen to them and extract all the necessary information; Take a bottle with you. Make small notes and put them inside the wrapper. You can open them any time and no one will understand that your bottle is not for drinking! Classical method. You can make notes on any item you are allowed to take to the test. This can be a calculator, a ruler or an index card. You can use it any time you need and your professor won’t suspect anything; Order online. This type of an assistance is applicable for written tests, like essays or reports. You can hire an online writing company and give them all the details of the task. Then you will only need to check it on plagiarism to make sure it is original and memorize the paper before the test; Use your arms. You can make notes on your hand and a forearm, covering them with a sleeve. In such a way, no one will notice it and you will easily get access to the information any time you need; Take a mechanical pencil with you. This one is a simple trick: write down the notes on a tiny sheet of paper, roll it and put inside the barrel; Look at your neighbor’s work. Make sure he has excellent skills on the topic, as you may fail if rewriting answers of someone, who is also not good at the subject; Search online. If you can pull out your smartphone in the class, just type the request in your browser and get all the information you need. You can also go to the bathroom and find all the data; Stretch a rubber band and write down all the notes you may need. When it gets back to its usual size, there won’t be any trace of the notes and you will only need to stretch it again if you need help; Ask for a sample. If your friend or any other student is holding a test before you, ask him to make a photo of the test. You will be able to prepare the answers or learn them by heart before starting the test on your own; Buy a smart watch. You can make all the notes on your smartphone and simply link it with a smart watch. In such a way, you can ‘check the time’ and get all the information you may need; Make a hole in your eraser and put notes inside; Take a bigger eraser and write all the answers on it. If professor is approaching, simply erase the answers with a smaller one; Learn while sleeping. Play an audio version of the lectures, while you are asleep. Scientists say that you will remember all the information and will be able to use it any time you need; Print a mini-book. Type all the notes, print them and cut small squares, making a sort of a booklet; Take an mp3 pen, which contains all the information you may need; Just put all the notes you need to the inside of the hat; Write down the notes on the inside of your hat and put it on your table. Consult your hat any time you need assistance; Use a rubber part of the shoes to make all the notes and use it, when you need to get the answers; Get a partner. Cooperate with another student and share answers. Two heads may be much better than one! Look for clues. Look around as if you are thinking about something and try to search for the answers. There may be posters with diagrams or data on the walls of your classroom; Go to the bathroom. Excuse yourself as if you need to pee and simply use your phone or consult a friend to get all the answers you need; Put your thighs together and place all the notes between them. Your professor will never suspect that you are holding notes there! Use the ‘sneezing system’. Partner with a friend, who can make sneezes with the answers. For example ‘be-choo’ for an answer ‘B’; Learn one half of the test and leave the second one to your friend. Sit near to each other on a test and share the answers. This is a great way to get excellent grades without spending too much time over books; Use gestures with a friend to share the answers. You may even learn a basic sign language; For advanced students, there is a ‘morse code’. For example, one tap goes to the answer ‘A’, two taps for ‘B’ and so on; Wear a tie and use its back to hide all the necessary notes; Take a gum with you and put the answers inside of its wrapper; A belt buckle calculator. Yes, you heard it! If you are not allowed to take a calculator to the class, you may use the one, which is hidden in the buckle of a belt; Write down all the answers you need on a bookmark, placed in your textbook. Replace it with the next one if necessary; Pretend that you are using a calculator on your smartphone and consult the notes instead; Light inks. Use them to make notes on the index cards and your tutor won’t see them; Replace the tests. This one is quite tricky but guarantees that you will get the highest grade. Ask your friend to take a photo of the test, print it at home and fill in all the answer to pass at the classroom; Consult Wikipedia. You can download their app or simply enter the website from your browser. It is a perfect place to get brief information on a subject; Another favorite trick for all the lovers of spy movies is to buy an ink for a black light and take it with you to the class; Use a skirt. Hide all the notes under your skirt and your tutor won’t be able to check whether you have any hidden answers. Unfortunately, this is an option only for the girls; Buy a see-through pen and put all your notes inside of it; Make all the notes on a small sheet of paper and put them inside the case of your calculator. Any time your professor is approaching, close the case; Take an electronic dictionary, which contains all the notes you need. Most professors mistakenly take such dictionaries for a calculator; Make pictures of the study materials and open them on your phone at the class or while you are in the bathroom; Use an invisible ink to make notes on your desk. Any time you need answers, you will only have to use an ultraviolet light and no one will suspect anything; Put a blank sheet of paper over the one, which contains the answers. Put it aside if you need access to the notes or return to its place if the tutor is approaching; Contact anyone, who is online via various messaging apps or social media and ask for help. It will be even better if you can do it in a hall or in a bathroom; Buy spyglasses, which play the video of the notes or a textbook. This is quite a costly option but definitely one of the coolest ones; Reproduce your ‘cheat sheet’ with a laser pen. However, you should be sitting on the back row of the class; If you are assigned to complete a written assignment but you are running out of time, you can artificially increase the margins, fonts, spaces and so on; Learn! Of course, cheating in the class is much simpler but you can take some time and study to get the highest scores without any harm. Use an appropriate and the most suitable way for a particular situation and you will surely get high grades and save your time to prepare for the test.

How has Modern advances changed welding technology since anicent times Essay

How has Modern advances changed welding technology since anicent times - Essay Example It is a dangerous process and precautions must be taken in order to avoid electric shock, burns, vision damage, exposure to UV radiation, and inhalation of toxic fumes and gases. Welding process traces its historic development from the ancient times. Therefore, this paper will delve into the changes technology has made in welding from the ancient times to the present. Welding traces its roots from the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. During the Bronze Age, small round golden boxes were made by pressure welding of lap joints together. It is believed that these golden boxes were made over two thousand years ago. Currently, the golden boxes have been put on exhibition at the National Museum in Ireland. On the other hand, during the Iron Age, people from the Eastern Mediterranean and Egyptians learnt the art of welding pieces of iron together. They made tools and weapons using forge welding operations. The art of blacksmithing developed to a high degree during the Middle Ages period. Several tools and weapons made from iron were welded by hammering. Blacksmithing entails working with extremely hot steel, a hammer and an anvil to make items. After the steel has been heated, it becomes malleable making it easy to punch and twist. It is the twisting and punching that shapes the metal. After shaping, it is cooled to harden the shape. Sometimes it is taken ba ck to the fire for reheating for further shaping and bending. While doing this, a blacksmith should use tongs handle the metals since they are extremely hot to be handled by bare hands. The process of forging metals and blacksmithing was extremely dangerous. This is ascribed to the fact that the blacksmith’s fires can be very hot, and it is mandatory to stoke them constantly in order to maintain the high temperatures. Therefore, blacksmiths had to observe caution while working in order not to burn their bodies or places of work. Secondly, blacksmiths

Why you should not recycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why you should not recycle - Essay Example The vastness of landspace is underestimated when it is thought to be saved with recycling as the waste consumes very little of the total landspace. â€Å"If all the solid waste for the next thousand years were put into a single space, it would take up 44 miles of landfill, a mere .01% of the U.S. landspace† (Cordato, 1995). This means that the benefit obtained by recycling in terms of the saved landspace is negligible and can be easily overlooked. Secondly, one of the strongest arguments in favor of recycling that is conventionally raised is that recycling is a method to preserve trees. Since paper is made from trees, it is claimed that recycling paper would reduce the need to cut trees to make paper from. Although the argument seems quite convincing, yet it does not reflect the real phenomenon. Since the supply of a material at a particular point in time is consistent with the demand for it, a reduction in the demand of paper would result in an equivalent reduction in the number of trees. People would care little to plant more trees if there occurs a decline in their need. The validity of this argument can be estimated from the number of trees that are grown with the intention of using them for the making of paper. â€Å"In the paper industry, 87% of the trees used are planted to produce paper. For every 13 trees "saved" by recycling, 87 will never get planted† (Cordato, 1995). Thus recycling has an overall negative e ffect on the growth of trees. â€Å"Promoting recycling may therefore not simply be pointless but actually damaging† (FOPAP, 2012). Thirdly, recycling hardly does anything to reduce pollution. There is no noticeable difference between the extent of chemicals released in the environment in the process of manufacturing things and those that are released in recycling things. Recycling involves a lot of chemical processing of the used material, which has an equivalent impact on the environment. Recycling also causes a decline in the quality

Kathak and Social Communication Essay Example for Free

Kathak and Social Communication Essay Social Science and Communication ‘Kathak’ is one of the most popular forms of Indian classical dance. We have grown up watching it in movies from UmraoJaanuptoDevdas. Most young girls in India even start learning kathak right from the tender age of 5 years. However is kathak just a simple cultural product of the country that can be counted among the artistic treasures of this land or is there a larger understanding to the same? Through this article we shall travel through the journey of time and see how a thing as simple and pure as an ancient dance form can tell us the stories of the cultural, religious, political transformations of the country. The Fifth Veda Traditionally the Hindu society was divided in five varnas – Brahmins (intellectuals), Kshatriya (warriors), vaishya (merchants), shudra (manual labourers), achoot (untouchables). The purpose of this form of division was to have a more organized society by distributing it on basis of the type of work performed. However with time this became a hierarchical division of the society which led to oppression of the lower caste (shudra untouchables) by the upper caste members. In this entire struggle for power the holy hindu scriptures (the Vedas) remained as the sole possession of the Brahmins or the educated class. Any attempt to even touch these holy texts by members of the lower caste was considered a crime. Even our holy text of Ramayana narrates an incident where lord Ram (mariyadapurushottam) chops of the head of a person from the lower caste when he attempts to read the Vedas. The shudra’s were forbidden to listen to these puranas (holy texts). (Massey, 1999) It’s believed that looking at this state of the society gods asked Lord Brahma to devise something which would be accessible to all and bind this society together. This is how the fifth veda or Natya Veda was born. The Hindu epics have stories of brahma teaching Bharata (the then king of Bharat what we know as India) the Natya Veda and later his 100 sons became the authorities of music, dance and drama. The Bharat NatyaShashtra has been variously dated from 2nd century BC to 3rd century AD. This Veda was common for all sections of society and all genders. Stories and teaching were told through dance. This is where we saw the birth of Kathak as a dance form. Kathak Kathak is derived from the root word Katha which means story. Kathak as a dance form was used to narrate stories mainly mythological stories primarily for the function of educating people. This was the only form in which people of all castes and genders could share their learning. This dance form was spread far and wide through abhinayawhich meaning ‘a carrying to the spectators’. This form of dance contained various components:(Massey, 1999) Kathak Abhinaya Sentiment and Mood Pure Dance Dramatic Element Vachik: poetry, song, recitation, music and rhythm Aharya: costume, make-up, jewellery Satvik: physical manifestation of mental and emotional states Angik: gestures of the body Nritya Nritta Natya Caste Politics The Hindu caste divide that Kathak tried to dissolve eventually took another form of dominations. The Brahmins saw this movement as a loss of their supremacy and power; hence they brought in another angle to the same. According to the Brahmins since dance was nothing but another form of worshiping god they had the supreme say in these matters. The social anthropology of Kathak dancers in history is thus highly fascinating as it got equated to the priestly caste and even the kathak gurus in the northern belt of india represented the Brahmin status.(Booth, 2005) The Brahmins not only separated this form of dance from its core purpose of binding people across various castes but also hit the gender angle by bringing in the concept of devdasi . These were women who were dedicated to dance and sing only for god. These women were neither allowed to marry, nor have have any form of physical relationships. Thus the power game was won by the Brahmins by playing their cards of caste and gender politics. Gender Politics Traditionally Kathak was meant to be a platform accessible to all. It defamiliarises the ordinary sexual and social experience of women and men as people. Indian mythology also reveals various stories exemplifying gender ambiguity, androgyny, sex transformations, male pregnancy, and erotica through some of the metaphorical discourses related to gods, goddesses, heavenly nymphs, and demons, as well as sages, ascetics and yogis. There have been innumerable examples of transcending gender in kathak. Men dressed like women and performed. The concept of gender in the Natya Veda is highly complex. It believes that gender is past our physical being, it is connected with our soul and souls aspire for the realisation moksha which can only be achieved when one can get free from the shackles of bodily existence. As per the Tantric school of thought the Supreme Being is conceptualised as one complex sex, comprises of both male and female (on the right and left side respectively). In order to attain salvation one must be able to transcend these shackles of one’s sex.(Shah, 1998) Even in the Pre-Vedic literature Shiva is known as ardhanarishwara, which means containing the polarities of both male and female force in the form of Shiva-Shakti. Dance is an important means by which cultural ideologies of gender difference are reproduced. Through movement vocabulary, costuming, body image, training, and technique, discourses of dance are often rooted in ideas of natural gender difference However as time passed Kathak also came under the purview of the political game of gender and it’s got labelled with the tag of being a dance form only for the females. Even the stories narrated through kathak like the stories of lord Krishna have got adapted. Earlier it was believed that Radha was Krihna’shladini Shakti and not different from him, hence the dance was performed in a semi-circular manner where the same dancer took the roles of both Krishna and Radha. However, now these roles are performed by different actors.(Chatterjee, 1996) CHANGING DIMENSIONS OF WOMEN The birth of Kathak took place with the Benarasgharana of kathak which was then ruled by the Rajputs. This dance form then travelled to Jaipur establishing the Jaipur gharana of kathak. Though both these forms were highly dominated by females they still had a great respect in terms of an art of telling stories of god and educating others on the powers of truth , righteousness etc. However when the Mughal’s invading our country and the marriage of JodhaBai and Akbar took place two cultured merged together. The Mughals got dancers from Persia and captured women form india and got them trained in kathak. It’s from this time onwards that Kathak got labelled as the courtesans dance what we today call as tawa’if or prostitutes.(Massey, 1999) The costumes changed and the new gharana of Kathak was born which is today the most famous one – Luckhnowgharana. The dressed changed from the ghaghra (like a long skirt) to chudidar. The dresses were tighter at the bust and presented the women as a sexually desirable object. A lot of change took place in the basic hand movements and presentation if the dance and a dance that used to tell the love story of Krishna and Radha at one time became a dance form with movements meant to entice men. In the whole power struggle and caste politics it was the women who suffered the most and were heavily exploited. DURING THE COLONIAL INDIA During the British colonial rule dance became a tool of rebellion and political resistance. It demonstrated unity and power. The dancing women’s position changed from ‘pure and pious’ to ‘fallen and sinful’ and hence either victims or perpetuators of the evil of dance. Women were encouraged to display their beauty, energy, skill, sensuality and seductiveness in dance. Thus for the fear of saving there girls from the being looked on as an object of desire dance became a tabooed activity for members of society especially the upper caste. This mindset exists even today, as we don’t see many girls from the upper class of society taking up dancing. However these mind sets are changing gradually.(Reed, 1998) GURU and SHISHYA As per Natyashashtra an acharya or teacher should have an intrinsic knowledge of vocal and instrumental music, dance, rhythm and movement. He should further have imagination, intelligence, creative faculty, memory, sharpness and capacity to shape the taught. The shishyas, or the taught, on the other hand should be intelligent, retentive, appreciative, devoted, enthusiastic and must have an innate desire to excel. This form of teaching has been continued over time however the essence of the relation has got lost with the loss of the pure and pious status of dance. CULTURAL SYMBOL Today Kathak has been attributed with various new meanings on the global platform like * Traditional heritage of India * Carrier of Indian culture * Indianness * Recounting the significant past Today kathak has become a cultural commodity that gets sold in form of a few dance shows and performances however it has lost its original purpose and ethos(Royo, 2004) KATHAK AND MOVIES Kathak has always been used as an important tool in cinema. In 1955 classic, JhanakJhanakpayalBaje by V. Shantaram the film’s hero, Ghirdar competes for artistic supremacy in Kathak dance against another dancer Ram Prasad. Ghirdar’s triumph is ensured during the last series of rhythmic systematic turns or chakkras which he performs elegantly, however his opponent is left all dizzy. Ghirdhar here is from Varanasi, the birthplace of kathak and the ultimate hindu city and his opponent is from Agra the Mughal capital which is associated with the more popular kathakgharana of lucknow. Thus kathak was used to demonstrate a state of communal tension in the country. This art form was also reduced to mockery when UstadHalimJaffar Khan, who worked on Kohinoor, and other films, with Naushad Ali (Kohinoors music director), explains that the singing in this scene was undertaken by Niyaz Ahmad: Naushad spoke to him about this scene. He said, Please forgive me Khan-saheb, but for this scene please sing some tans and things, but in a comic way, in a foolish way. And Nyaz Ahmad agreed to do that Even in later films kathak remained as a dance of the prostitutes through movies like umraojaan. And even today when we have become more liberal in our thinking and claim to have crossed these old regressive practices the choreographers still use kathak in a ovie like devdas only for the character of chandramukhi, who plays a prostitute. Also today’s concert stage kathak is more focused of fast, complex, rhythmic footwork and tracing handwork rather than the old ethos of the dance which had its core around freedom, liberalization, unity, storytelling, love and expression of oneself.(Chakravorty, 2006) CONCLUSION A cultural dance form created to unify everybody and give everyone a freedom to expression eventually got used as a tool for playing out caste and gender politics. Whether it was the sufferings of the women or the link of the dance to the Bhakti movement, Kathak has transformed with all these interactions. The various stakeholders of the society have also used this to their convenience as and when required. Initially the Brahmin established their supremacy over this pure and pious form of expression an today they are the ones who have started the movement to label this as a fallen and sinful act. Thus we have seen the journey of nation through one form of dance and the story of Kathak through the nation. Bibliography Booth, G. (2005). Pandits in the Movies: Contesting the Identity of Hindustani Classical Music and Musicians in. Asian Music, Vol. 36, 60-86. Chakravorty, P. (2006). Dancing into Modernity: Multiple Narratives of Indias Kathak Dance. Dance Research Journal, Vol. 38, 115-136. Chatterjee, A. (1996). Training in Indian Classical Dance: A Case Study. Asian Theatre Journal, Vol. 13, 68-91. Coorlawala, U. A. (1992). Illustrating Kathak. Dance Chronicle, Vol. 15, 88-93. Lidke, J. S. (2006). DevÄ «s Dance: The Interweaving of Politics, Mysticism, and Culture in Kathmandu Valley. International Journal of Hindu Studies, Vol. 10, 35-57. Massey, R. (1999). Indias kathak dance, past present, future. Delhi: Abhinav Publications. Pillai, S. (2002). Rethinking Global Indian Dance through Local Eyes. Dance Research Journal, Vol. 34, 14-29. Reed, S. A. (1998). The Politics and Poetics of Dance. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol 27, 503-532. Royo, A. L. ( 2004). New Directions in Indian Dance. Dance Research Journal, Vol. 36, 135-138. Shah, P. (1998). Transcending Gender in the Performance of Kathak. Dance Research Journal, Vol. 30, 2-17. WALKER, M. (2010). Courtesans and Choreographers: The (Re)Placement of Women in the History of Kathak Dance. New Delhi: Routledge.

Sexual Education for Children Essay -- Sex Ed Education Essays

Sexual Education for Children Sex education materials for children more often serve to confuse than to inform. These materials generally present females as passive and males as active. The books describe heterosexual norms while ignoring the existence of homosexuality and bisexuality. Many books describe sexual intercourse as existing for the purpose of procreation only. Pictures and descriptions of this sex act more often mystify than inform. Finally, these materials target young children and assume that these children are incapable of understanding most elements of sex. Children can often understand far more than they are given credit for. Most materials offer descriptions of sexual intercourse as an act devoid of passion involving an active male partner and a passive female partner. Across publication dates, sexual education materials portray women as passive and men as active. Dr. Block’s Do-It-Yourself Human Sexuality Book portrays the girl as passive when she says â€Å"He’ll never leave me now† after she and the boy have sex (18). She has no active control over her life—rather, she waits to see whether or not the boy will stay or leave (Block, 18). In So That’s How I Was Born, the father explains that the â€Å"daddy puts his penis inside the†¦ vagina† (Brooks, 28). Thus, the man is the active partner while the woman is passive. Brooks further emphasizes that the woman’s passive role exists in all areas of life when, at the end of Brooks’ story, the boy’s mother satisfies stereotypes of docile women by speaking â€Å"softly† (28). Many of these authors further perpetuate stereotypical gender roles in their stories. In his book, Brooks shows the mother wearing an apron (25). In her book Mommy, Where Do Babies Come F... ..., far more conservative than those of some of the other, earlier works. The earliest works appear to be the most progressive. Is society adopting an increasingly restrictive and negative view of pre-marital sex, or is this merely a coincidence? Aside from these observations, it is difficult to make generalizations about the works according to dates of publication because there do not seem to be any other strong chronological trends. Sex education does not appear to be growing more comprehensive with time. Sex education books continue to omit crucial information. They confuse children, (and sometimes even teens,) with cryptic descriptions and diagrams. Feminine and masculine stereotypes, while not acknowledged in any constructive way, are strongly perpetuated. Sex education materials, such as those cited above, fail to provide comprehensive sex education.

Evidence Collection in Sex Related Crimes Essay

Crime scenes present many possibilities and evidence that may aid investigators in the apprehension and possibly conviction of a known or unknown offender. While this evidence are present at a scene of a crime, it requires specialized training on the part of law enforcement officials to effectively, efficiently and accurately, collect, record and preserve these evidence. Chain of command is especially vital at each stage of the evidence collection, as evidence can easily be lost and even tampered with. Sex crimes are especially sensitive, as trained professionals have to exercise empathy to what or who may be perceived as the main evidence; the victim. The victim may hold the key to a lot of information that will help investigators capture the perpetrator. Keyword: sex crimes, crime scene, evidence, collection, touch DNA The Importance of Evidence Collection in Sexually Related Crimes An investigation into any crime, takes place on the presumption that a crime has occurred. It is during the investigation that the actual determination of whether a crime did indeed occur is arrived at. Once it has been determined that an actual crime has occurred, then the investigation continues. The investigation of different crimes may take on a different approach, but the ultimate goal for every crime is to apprehend and prevent future crimes. The same can be said of sex crimes. Sex crimes include more than just rape. While investigating sexual assault crimes involve the careful approach of the first responder, other parties involved with the investigation of a sex crime, must have specialized training to handle crimes of this nature. Rape is one facet of a sexual assault, and while the act itself is usually an unwanted one on the part of the victim, it does not make less the other sexual assaults that can be imposed on an individual. Sex crime by definition is a crime involving sexual assault, or one that is sexually motivated. In order for sex to be considered a crime, the offender must knowingly cause the other person to engage in an unwanted sex act. It involves acts such as rape, prostitution, child pornography, sexual intercourse with a minor, and forcibly sodomy, sex crime also covers incest. Sex crimes are often times sensitive in nature at the onset of being called  to the scene of the crime. It would aid investigators tremendously if the victim as well as the offender are both present, however in some instances, this may not be the case. One of the most important evidence that can be collected at the scene of the crime is the statement or testimony of the victim themselves. References Enos, W. F., Conrath, T. B., & Byer, J. C. (1986). Forensic Evaluation of the Sexually Abuse Child. Pediatrics, 78(3), 385. Feldberg, G. (1997). Defining the Facts of Rape: The Uses of Medical Evidence in Sexual Assault Trials. Canadian Journal of Women & The Law, 9(1), 89-114 Garcia, S., & Henderson, M. (2010). Options for Reporting Sexual Violence Developments Over the Past Decade. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 79(5), 1-8. Marshall University Women’s Center. (n.d). Types of Sexual Assault. Retrieved from http://www.marshall.edu/wpmu/wcenter/sexual-assault/types-of-sexual-assault/ Shelton, D. E. (2010). Criminal adjudication: The challenges of forensic science evidence in the early 21st century. (Order No. 3415644, University of Nevada, Reno). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 267-n/a. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/734315512?accountid=8289. (734315512).

Peer-Reviewed Literature Versus Popular Press Essay

The purpose of peer-reviewed literature is to present original reports, research, or reviews, and evaluate the material that scholars have already published (â€Å"Scholarly Vs Popular Press,† 2005). Peer review refers to a process that screens the writings of scholars before they can be published. Review panels, comprising other scholars and researchers, are responsible for evaluating the already published material with respect to its significance in addition to methodology. Although the published research finds may or may not be true, peer-reviewed literature is generally considered â€Å"authoritative evidence for a claim† which is validated once the research has been analyzed in depth and its findings have been applied as well as reexamined in a variety of contexts or by the use of different theoretical models (â€Å"Peer-reviewed literature†). Lee Shulman, the President of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, explains that the essentiality of scholarly literature is that it can be â€Å"cited, refuted, built upon, and shared (â€Å"Peer-reviewed literature). † Hence, peer-reviewed literature is considered more reliable than popular press, the purpose of which may be simply to present articles that entertain, inform, or market goods and services. Popular press may contain literature on current events or myriad popular interests (â€Å"Scholarly†). Given that the articles published in the popular press are not peer-reviewed, they may or may not be reliable. They are definitely not considered scholarly, seeing that they cannot be refuted. According to a scientific study, popular press coverage of a health problem known as the chronic fatigue syndrome has magnified and even distorted the divisions within the research community on the subject of the chronic fatigue syndrome (MacLean & Wessely, 1994). It is clear, therefore, that popular press cannot be trusted to present valid information.

Familial hypercholesterolemia Essays

Familial hypercholesterolemia Essays Familial hypercholesterolemia Essay Familial hypercholesterolemia Essay Introduction ( 2500 ) Familial hypercholesteremia ( FH ) is an familial familial defect characterized by a high low denseness lipoprotein ( LDL ) cholesterin degrees than normal in the blood. The status can be present from birth and can take to the early development of coronary artery disease and an increased hazard of Coronary bosom disease ( CHD ) if left untreated. ( Ned and Sijbrands, 2011 ) FH is caused by mutants in cistrons encoding cardinal proteins involved in the LDL receptor endocytic and recycling tracts, taking to decreased cellular consumption of LDL. ( REF ) Heterozygous FH is caused either by heterozygous loss-of-function mutants in the LDL receptor that mediates hepatic consumption of low denseness lipoprotein cholesterin ( LDLc ) or APOB encoding its major ligand ; more seldom, dominant mutants in PCSK9. ( Rader et al, 2003 ) A recessionary mutants in LDLRAP1 ( ARH ) cistron is besides known to impact the LDL-receptor tract. ( REF ) Presently, more than 1000 LDL receptor mutants have bee n documented worldwide. These mutants affect all functional spheres of the LDL receptor protein and include sliting mutants, transcript figure mutants and single-nucleotide mutants throughout the LDL receptor cistron. ( Usifo, Humpries et al, 2012 ) FH exhibits an autosomal dominant form of heritage with a cistron dose consequence. ( REF ) There is a 50 % hazard of a parent with an altered cistron reassigning it to his or her kid ( NICE, 2008 ) . It has been noted by Goldstein and Brown ( 1989 ) that heterozygous FH shows great variableness in phenotypic look. Moorjani et Al ( 1993 ) attribute the phenotypic fluctuation in heterozygous FH patients to the variableness of the implicit in mutant. Harmonizing to Kotze et Al ( 1993 ) , there are Other familial influences, which appear to act upon this variableness in phenotypic look such as apolipoprotein ( apo ) Tocopherol polymorphism. Furthermore age and sex may hold an consequence on the look of this disease harmonizing to Mabuchi et Al ( 1989 ) . Hill et Al ( 1991 ) besides identified smoke and high blood pressure as hazard factors for this status. Other associated lipid abnormalcies such as low HDL-C degrees, high TG degrees, high Lp ( a ) degrees identified by Seed et Al ( 1990 ) and the presence of type III dyslipoproteinemia identified by Hopkins et Al ( 1991 ) seem to play a important function in the variableness in phenotypic look. FH is now known to be the most frequent inherited upset taking to premature CHD in people of European descent ( Ned A ; Sijbrands, 2011 ) . The prevalence of heterozygous FH in the United Kingdom ( UK ) population is estimated to be 1in500, which means that about 110,000 people in the UK are affected. Harmonizing to NICE ( 2008 ) heterozygous FH persons in the UK have a greater than 50 % hazard of CHD by the age of 50years in work forces and at least 30 % in adult females by the age of 60years ( NICE, 2008 ) . The prevalence of heterozygous FH is nevertheless rare in Africans with no European lineage. ( REF ) However the state of affairs is different for the Asiatic populations particularly china, Japan and India, where it occurs even in those without European lineage. ( REF ) The prevalence rate, as indicated by Austin et Al, ( 2004 ) , is even higher in some geographically or culturally distant groups like the Gallic Canadian community of Quebec with 1 instance per 270 individuals , Lebanese with 1 instance per 170 individuals, Ashkenazi Jews with 1 instance per 67 in and South Africans of Dutch descent with 1 instance per 100 individuals due to the laminitis consequence. It is estimated by Berrade et Al, ( 2012 ) that there are about 10 million people affected worldwide and up to 80 % are undiagnosed. Homozygous FH is really rare but life endangering happening in 1 in 1 million and causes terrible cardiovascular disease in childhood. It is defined clinically by plasma cholesterin degrees transcending 13 mmol/L in grownups and 11mmol/l in kids with extended cutaneal or tendon xanthomas. ( REF ) Citkowitz ( 2013 ) has indicated that without intercessions affected kids every bit immature as 1-2 old ages are at hazard for early coronary events or mycardial infarction or even sudden decease by the age of 30 old ages. Accurate estimations of mortality rates for FH are presently non available nevertheless the comparative hazard of decease of FH patients non treated is between three and fourfold. ( REF ) : Curently, FH is massively under diagnosed worldwide, with less than 1 % diagnosing in most states. ( REF ) The few exclusions are 71 % diagnosed in the Netherlands, 19 % in Iceland, 43 % in Norway, 13 % in Switzerland, and 6 % in Spain. ( Steve E Humphries, 1989 ) There is merely 15-17 % of instances identified in the UK which suggests that there may be around 150 to160 people with undiagnosed FH per 100,000 population. ( Heart UK ( 2012 ) Traditionally an elevated sum blood cholesterin degrees in and clinical marks such as the presence of sinewy xanthomas and household history of coronary arteria disease ( CAD ) was the method used for diagnosing. ( REF ) There are several Flaws with this method. One of the jobs with this method was the inability to separate FH from other signifiers of hypercholesteremia such as familial faulty apolipoproytein B-100 which is clinically identical from FH. ( REF ) FH-positive patients in add-on may non hold sufficiently elevated degrees of cholesterin for clinical diagnosing and there is besides the job with the scope of serum cholesterin and LDL-C degrees which overlaps in normal persons and FH patients. Early surveies conducted on kids have shown misdiagnosis rates runing from 4.5 % to18.9 % when utilizing entire cholesterin or LDL-C cutoff points ( Leonard et al. 1977, Kwiterovich et al. 1974 ) In add-on, surveies have shown that sinewy xanthomas are non ever prevalent in FH patients and are seldom present until the 4th decennary of life. Therefore, the presence of sinewy xanthomas is non a dependable diagnostic standard, particularly in kids ( Austin et al. 2004 ) . In the Uk the diagnostic standards extensively used for the clinical diagnosing of FH is the Simon Broome Register Group ( SBRG ) . SBRG take into history that entire and LDL degrees and the fact that it differ for grownups and kids. The standard besides take history of grounds of dominant transmittal and the age of oncoming of coronary disease in the kindred. ( REF ) However due to the defects in the sole usage of clinical diagnosing, a alteration was made in 1994 and DNA-based mutant testing methods was besides added as sufficient for a definite’ diagnosing. ( REF ) SBRG identified DNA analysis and mutant designation utile peculiarly in state of affairss where clinical information is limited such as in the immature and because it besides provides the chance for simple designation of at hazard relations. ( Marks, 2003 ) Deoxyribonucleic acid diagnosing is now typically considered the gilded criterion for testing affected household members, but this presupposes cognition of the causal mutant in the household. ( Marks, 2003 ) If the mutant is non known, current methods of extended mutant testing for LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 are successful at placing the mutant in merely 50 % to 80 % of patients with definite FH by clinical criteria,7–11 although Civeira et al 6 study an designation rate every bit high as 88.5 % . ( Civeira et al ) Mutants among those with possible or probable clinical diagnosing are less often found. ( Hopkins, 2010 ) At present DNA mutant testing methods are comparatively expensive and ranges from between ?500 and ?1000 per patient in the UK. However, one time the causative mutant in the patient has been found, comparatively inexpensive molecular testing in relations is possible bing between ?150 and ?185. ( REF ) 1.1 Purposes and aims of the probe National Institute of Clinical Excellence ( NICE ) ( 2008 ) has issued guidelines which states that with consequence from September 2008, following the clinical diagnosing of FH, DNA proving should be carried out to corroborate the diagnosing and set up the precise mutant involved. Harmonizing to the recommendation placing instances of FH should be every bit early as possible and proposes that this should be before the age of 10 old ages. The verification of the diagnosing, should carried out in specializer lipoid clinics which includes patient guidance in order to originate cascade testing of relations which is now considered to be the most cost-efficient attack for designation of new FH topics. ( NICE ) ( 2008 ) Deoxyribonucleic acid testing, harmonizing to the guidelines should be the primary resource tool one time cascade testing of relations commences. Persons with mutants identified can so be treated to populate normal healthy lives with cholesterol-lowering drugs such as lipid -lowering medicines and alterations of life style made. Benefits from cascade proving enterprises to happen new instances of FH following Nice recommendations include a decrease in premature deceases from bosom disease and a decrease in long-run morbidity and its associated costs. ( NICE, 2008 ) Since the cost of effectual therapy is so low, a important economy could be made by the NHS in England, due to a decrease in CHD events and the cost of hospital admittances. NHS England’s position is that bettering FH sensing and direction is a worthwhile, cost and clinically effectual aim. ( NHS England, 2013 ) If sensing and direction of FH is improved, many lives will be saved, and many households will be spared the current inevitableness of life with, or deceasing from, premature cardiovascular disease. ( NICE, 2013 ) Bettering consciousness among healthcare professionals of the benefits of cascade testing and promoting coaction between Clinical Commissioning Groups CCGs and regio nal webs to implement cascade proving will better the designation of people with FH harmonizing to NHS England. ( NICE, 2013 ) Statistic show that if 50 % of the predicted relations of people with FH were diagnosed and received intervention, the NHS could salvage ?1.7 million per twelvemonth on health care for bosom disease and ?1.4 million per twelvemonth merely by implementing cascade testing. ( Heart UK ( 2012 ) Cascade proving in households with a known causative mutant has been carried out really successfully in the Netherlands over the last 15 old ages utilizing trained familial field workers. ( Neil, Humpreies, 2000 ) Universal showing of kids has frequently been suggested but has so far merely been implemented in Slovenia and at the age of 5. ( Kusters et Al, 2012 ) Heart Charities like The British Heart Foundation ( BHF ) and Heart UK are pressing the NHS to present cascade proving UK-wide and has allocated ?1.5 million in support to back up the debut of Cascade texting. ( BHF, 2013 ) Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland has successfully implemented comprehensive cascade proving but non England. Wales had 97 known FH instances but since the debut of cascade showing in 2010, it has identified 372 others from proving 1,141 people ( Denis Campbel, 2012 ) Harmonizing to Steve Humphries, professor of cardiovascular genetic sciences at University College London, England s failure to follow the 2008 recommendation from NICE to test full households will be missed chance and that trusting on GPs to descry patients with high degrees of harmful LDL cholesterin and mention them to an NHS lipid clinic for proving, which should place their FH, is unequal. He said: The best manner to restrict the harm caused by coronary bosom disease is to place those at hazard every bit early as possible. The greatest chance for such disease bar lies in naming and handling people with FH and testing their households. Humphries estimates that 101 cardiovascular deceases will be avoided for ever y 10,000 FH patients aged 30 to 86 treated with high strength lipid-lowering medicines to cut down their degree of LDL cholesterin. ( Denis Campbel, 2012 ) In order to implement cascade proving in the UK, a guideline development group was set up and several countries of contention that were discussed by the guideline development group [ 3 ] . ( What is this group about ) One major issue centred around the cost-effectiveness of different schemes for cascade testing, with wellness economic analysis [ 9 ] proposing that the handiness of DNA information well enhanced cost-effectiveness and decreased cost. Modeling found that the most efficient scheme was to utilize DNA proving where this was available, and plasma lipid measurings in the relations of all patients with both definite and possible FH ( by UK standards ) where no mutant ( or no proving ) was available. While it was recognized that this scheme was associated with a higher figure of relations being tested and therefore higher initial costs, it was found that this would besides increase the figure of identified FH relations and therefore the figure of quality adjusted life old ages that could be gained. For households where no mutant had been detected, age and gender-specific LDL-C and entire cholesterin cut-offs were recommended [ 10 ] , since the cut-offs used for the diagnosing of an FH patient in the general population are excessively high for relations with a 50 % anterior chance of holding the upset. Steve E Humphries There are assorted commercial kits available designed to prove for the most common mutants which includes the Elucigene FH20 and LIPOchip. However, in the UK, due to the extremely heterogenous nature of the population most of these attacks are non to the full effectual. The Elucigene F20 and Lipochip was evaluated cost efficaciously by NICE. Based on the findings from the analysis NICE ( 2011 ) concluded that the Elucigene FH20 and LIPOchip are non recommended for cascade proving relations of people with confirmed familial hypercholesterolaemia because targeted sequencing is less expensive and can be used for all relations with no loss in wellness benefits. ( why is it less expensive ) Randox laboratories has developed an FH biochip array systems offering coincident analysis of 40 familial mutants in FH with changing abilities for sample throughput, cost nest eggs and labour demands. ( Is this targeted sequencing, on what rule ) This survey will measure this FH 20 biochip array on an Evidence Investigator platform to observe the 20 common mutants in the Low Density Lipoprotein ( LDLR ) , Apolipoprotein B ( ApoB ) and PCSK9 cistrons in the UK. By testing mutant in these three cistrons in the UK, harmonizing to NICE ( 2008 ) , it is possible to place a causative mutant in up to 80 % of patients with the strongest clinical diagnosing based on the Simon Broome standards. The FH40 was evaluated at the Molecular Biology research lab of the Surrey Pathology services, following NICE ( 2011 ) recommended nosologies counsel for quickly and expeditiously following efficient and cost-efficient FH diagnostic engineerings in the NHS. The intent was to set up whether or non the FH20 from Randox laboratories is more likely to accurately corroborate a diagnosing at a sensible cost compared to a comprehensive familial analysis as an option in the south East cost strategic wellness Authority of England. It was besides to set up whether the FH20 can be cost efficaciously used to p rove relations of FH patients with no loss in wellness benefits. ( why is this necessary ) The cost effectual analysis was carried out utilizing NICE recommended attention tract for the designation and direction of FH. The cardinal elements of the attention tract include utilizing the combination of the Simon Broome standards for clinical diagnosing and a DNA trial for univocal verification. Children who have a parent with known familial hypercholesterolaemia should be offered a DNA trial if the household mutant is known harmonizing to NICE ( 2008 ) . Cascade proving of at-risk relations ( first- , second- and perchance third-degree biological relations ) is recommended utilizing a combination of DNA proving and measuring of LDL-C concentration. A high-intensity lipid-lowering medicine should be considered for people with familial hypercholesterolaemia with the purpose of accomplishing a recommended decrease in LDLC concentration of more than 50 % . Lipid-modifying intervention sho uld be considered for kids with familial hypercholesterolaemia by the age of 10, and initial intervention should be statin therapy. ( NICE, 2011 ) The aim of this survey is to develop sufficient grounds to back up the usage of this FH 40 biochip array engineering in the RSCH NHS molecular research lab to corroborate FH diagnosing and as portion of cascade proving with all the benefits of any other commercial immunochemical assay analyser in footings of throughput, cost, public presentation and easiness of usage. The Surrey pathology services provide pathology service for three NHS infirmaries and serve a population of about 1.2 million in the south east seashore strategic wellness authorization. The cost analysis was carried out utilizing nice bing templet. Cost effectiveness calculated as cost per life twelvemonth gained ( extension of life anticipation ensuing from intercession ) including estimated costs of testing and intervention. ( what are the benefits of this analysis ) This undertaking will organize an advanced move for the development of molecular biological science techniques in the field of lipid upsets particularly in primary hypercholesterolaemia. Once established, this specialized service can be offered at national and regional degrees. This will further heighten the quality and efficiency of patient attention, preventative medical specialty and guidance services to this potentially treatable instance of primary hypercholesterolaemia in footings of cut downing morbidity and mortality from premature atherosclerosis-related complications.